Acute respiratory tract infections
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Scope
What is the incidence of acute respiratory tract infections in the general population?
Definition
| Incidence rates of first episodes of GP-diagnosed respiratory tract infections per 1000 person-years | |||||||||
| All | M | F | 0–4 years | 5–14 yrs | 15–49 yrs | 50–64 yrs | 65–74 years | >74 years | |
| Acute otitis media | 15.6 | 16.3 | 15.0 | 135.9 | 33.5 | 5.4 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 1.6 |
| Rhinitis | 51.0 | 45.1 | 57.5 | 211.5 | 47.6 | 40.3 | 39.3 | 41.7 | 41.9 |
| Acute sinusitis | 22.7 | 15.7 | 29.9 | 2.9 | 7.4 | 29.7 | 25.8 | 17.2 | 9.6 |
| Acute tonsillitis | 10.2 | 8.7 | 11.7 | 25.8 | 13.6 | 12.0 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 0.8 |
| Acute laryngitis | 4.5 | 4.0 | 5.1 | 16.2 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 5.2 | 4.5 | 3.7 |
| Acute bronchitis | 19.9 | 18.6 | 21.5 | 55.4 | 14.0 | 12.8 | 21.8 | 31.8 | 42.0 |
| Influenza | 2.2 | 2.2 | 2.2 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 1.6 | 2.4 |
| Pneumonia | 6.4 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 16.6 | 4.8 | 3.2 | 6.1 | 12.5 | 21.6 |
| Asthma /COPD exacerb. | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 3.7 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 1.5 | 3.5 | 3.7 |
| Red text = upper RTI | |||||||||
| Blue text = lower RTI | Netherlands, 90 computerized general practices with 358 008 patients recorded consecutive patient contacts in a 12-month period between May 2000 and April 2002, doctor diagnosed ARIs | Defined URTI GP-diagnoses as occurrence of acute otitis media (ICPC code H71), acute rhinitis | |||||||
| (R74), acute sinusitis (R75), acute tonsillitis (R76) and acute laryngitis (R77). | |||||||||
| LRTI GP diagnoses defined as acute bronchitis (R78), influenza (R80), pneumonia (R81) or exacerbations of asthma or COPD (R78) | E Hak, MM Rovers, MM Kuyvenhoven, FG Schellevis | ||||||||
| and TJM Verheij. Incidence of GP-diagnosed respiratory tract | |||||||||
| infections according to age, gender and high-risk | |||||||||
| co-morbidity: the Second Dutch National Survey of General Practice. Family Practice Advance Access published on 7 February 2006. | |||||||||
| Variables | Number | ||||||||
| Total ARI | 984 (100)* | ||||||||
| Fever | 238 (24.2) | ||||||||
| Runny/blocked nose | 945 (96.0) | ||||||||
| Cough | 756 (76.8) | ||||||||
| Rattly or wheezy chest | 329 (33.4) | ||||||||
| Wheeze present | 95 (9.7) | ||||||||
| Upper respiratory infections† | 655 (66.6) | ||||||||
| Lower respiratory infections | 329 (33.4) | ||||||||
| Nonwheezy LRI† | 234 (23.8) | ||||||||
| Wheezy LRI† | 95 (9.7) | ||||||||
| Physician visit | 478 (48.6) | ||||||||
| Hospitalization | 17 (1.7) | ||||||||
| RSV | 5 (29.4)‡ | ||||||||
| Rhinoviruses | 3 (17.6)‡ | ||||||||
| Parainfluenza 3 | 1 (5.9)‡ | ||||||||
| Influenza | 1 (5.9)‡ | ||||||||
| Parainfluenza and RSV | 1 (5.9)‡ | ||||||||
| Adenovirus | 1 (5.9)‡ | ||||||||
| No virus detected | 5 (29.4)‡ | ||||||||
| *Numbers in parentheses, percent. | |||||||||
| †Mutually exclusive. | |||||||||
| ‡As % of hospitalized. | |||||||||
| The majority reported 2–5 episodes of ARI in the first year (range = 0–11 episodes; mean = 4.1). | |||||||||
| Study conducted btw July 1996 and July 1999, 263 infants at high risk of atopy (i.e. at least 1 parent with a | |||||||||
| doctor-diagnosed history of asthma, hay fever or eczema) followed until they reached 1yo. Australia, all ARIs. | Parent diagnosed | Merci M. H. Kusel, Nicholas H. de Klerk, Patrick G. Holt, Tatiana Kebadze, Sebastian L. Johnston, and Peter D. Sly. Role of Respiratory Viruses in Acute Upper and Lower | |||||||
| Respiratory Tract Illness in the First Year of Life: A Birth Cohort Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2006;25: 680–686 | |||||||||
| See attached document for rates of wheeze in children expressed in % in different countries. | Europe, different studies all summarised, majority of studies use data from 1990’s. | Wheeze (from ISAAC) | |||||||
| Document sourced from: Swatee P Patel, Marjo-Riitta Järvelin and Mark P Little. Systematic review of worldwide variations of the prevalence of wheezing symptoms in children. Environmental Health 2008, 7:57. |
Result
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See also
Related files
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