INTERA:Formaldehyde concentrations in Europe

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Scope

The Formaldehyde concentrations in indoor, outdoor and personal measurements in several European countries.

Definition

Data

Data is obtained from various published studies.

Unit

µg/m³

Formula

Code used for reading and transforming the source csv file can be found on an earlier version of this page.

Result

INTERA:Formaldehyde concentrations in Europe: Difference between revisions(ugm^-3)

Obs	Country	City	Year	Environment	Environment spec	Ref	Statistical parameter	Result
1	UK	Unspecified	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential	1	Mean	22.2
2	France	Paris	2001	Indoor	Residential, bedroom	2	Mean	24.5
3	France	Paris	2011	Indoor	Residential, living room	2	Mean	24.3
4	France	Paris	2001	Indoor	Residential, kitchen	2	Mean	21.7
5	Denmark	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential	3	Mean	9.9
6	France	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential	3	Mean	22.0
7	France	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential, apartments with complaints	3	Mean	600.0
8	Germany	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential	3	Mean	56.0
9	Greece	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential	3	Mean	6-9
10	Norway	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential	3	Mean	<60
11	the Netherlands	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential, 50 % of the dwellings with complaints	3	Mean	>120
12	UK	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential, buildings without UFFI	3	Mean	57.0
13	UK	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential, buildings with UFFI	3	Mean	114.0
14	Germany	Unspecified	1985/86	Indoor	Residential	4	Mean	58.6
15	Germany	Unspecified	1991/92	Indoor	Residential	4	Mean	79.0
16	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Personal	24 hours	5	Mean	47.0
17	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, bedroom, 24 hours	5	Mean	26.0
18	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Personal	6 days	5	Mean	31.0
19	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, bedroom, 6 days	5	Mean	35.0
20	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Outdoor	6 days	5	Mean	3.8
21	Finland	Unspecified	1999-2003	Indoor	Residential, new dwellings	6	Mean	19.0
22	Finland	Unspecified	1999-2003	Indoor	Residential, 6 months old dwellings	6	Mean	21.0
23	Finland	Unspecified	1999-2003	Indoor	Residential, 12 months old dwellings	6	Mean	26.0
24	Finland	Helsinki	1997	Indoor	Residential	7	Mean	33.3
25	Finland	Helsinki	1997	Personal	Unspecified	7	Mean	21.4
26	Austria	Unspecified	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential	8	Mean	31.3
27	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Residential, living room	9	Mean	30.4
28	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Residentail, bedroom	9	Mean	33.5
29	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, kitchen	10	Mean	13.2
30	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, living room	10	Mean	12.3
31	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Outdoor	Unspecified	10	Mean	2.8
32	Germany	Unspecified	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential	11	Mean	36.0
33	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Commercial centre, hall 1	12	Mean	28.2
34	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Commercial centre, hall 2	12	Mean	15.0
35	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Commercial centre, hall 3	12	Mean	21.9
36	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Ttrain station, hall	12	Mean	7.0
37	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Airport, hall	12	Mean	10.8
38	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Underground park	12	Mean	19.2
39	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Library 1	12	Mean	55.9
40	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Library 2	12	Mean	33.7
41	Italy	Catania	May 2003	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Mean	13.0
42	Italy	Catania	October 2003	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Mean	15.7
43	Greece	Athens	Decmber 2003	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Mean	18.3
44	Greece	Athens	October 2005	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Mean	20.2
45	Greece	Thessaloniki	2004	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Mean	13.9
46	the Netherlands	Nijmegen	2004	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Mean	6.1
47	the Netherlands	Arnhem	2004	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Mean	11.8
48	Germany	Leipzig	2005	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Mean	29.1
49	Italy	Catania	May 2003	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Mean	13.2
50	Italy	Catania	October 2003	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Mean	16.1
51	Greece	Athens	Decmber 2003	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Mean	20.0
52	Greece	Athens	October 2005	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Mean	20.6
53	Greece	Thessaloniki	2004	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Mean	25.6
54	Belgium	Brussels	2004	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Mean	16.6
55	the Netherlands	Nijmegen	2004	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Mean	8.8
56	the Netherlands	Arnhem	2004	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Mean	8.4
57	Germany	Leipzig	2005	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Mean	21.1
58	France	Paris	2001	Indoor	Residential, bedroom	2	SD	2.0
59	France	Paris	2011	Indoor	Residential, living room	2	SD	1.9
60	France	Paris	2001	Indoor	Residential, kitchen	2	SD	1.9
61	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Personal	24 hours	5	SD	111.0
62	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, bedroom, 24 hours	5	SD	14.0
63	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Personal	6 days	5	SD	18.0
64	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, bedroom, 6 days	5	SD	22.0
65	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Outdoor	6 days	5	SD	1.2
66	Finland	Helsinki	1997	Indoor	Residential	7	SD	17.9
67	Finland	Helsinki	1997	Personal	Unspecified	7	SD	11.1
68	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Residential, living room	9	SD	14.8
69	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Residentail, bedroom	9	SD	16.0
70	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, kitchen	10	SD	4.3
71	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, living room	10	SD	6.3
72	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Outdoor	Unspecified	10	SD	1.1
73	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Commercial centre, hall 1	12	SD	0.3
74	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Commercial centre, hall 2	12	SD	1.5
75	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Commercial centre, hall 3	12	SD	2.6
76	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Ttrain station, hall	12	SD	1.7
77	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Airport, hall	12	SD	2.1
78	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Underground park	12	SD	1.2
79	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Library 1	12	SD	4.9
80	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Library 2	12	SD	2.2
81	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Personal	24 hours	5	Median	22.0
82	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, bedroom, 24 hours	5	Median	23.0
83	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Personal	6 days	5	Median	23.0
84	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, bedroom, 6 days	5	Median	29.0
85	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Outdoor	6 days	5	Median	4.0
86	Austria	Unspecified	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential	8	Median	25.0
87	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Residential, living room	9	Median	26.7
88	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Residentail, bedroom	9	Median	30.9
89	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, kitchen	10	Median	12.9
90	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, living room	10	Median	10.6
91	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Outdoor	Unspecified	10	Median	2.5
92	Switzerland	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential	3	Min	480.0
93	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Personal	24 hours	5	Min	7.1
94	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, bedroom, 24 hours	5	Min	9.9
95	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Personal	6 days	5	Min	11.0
96	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, bedroom, 6 days	5	Min	8.6
97	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Outdoor	6 days	5	Min	0.6
98	Finland	Helsinki	1997	Indoor	Residential	7	Min	6.5
99	Finland	Helsinki	1997	Personal	Unspecified	7	Min	7.6
100	Austria	Unspecified	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential	8	Min	8.8
101	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Residential, living room	9	Min	6.0
102	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Residentail, bedroom	9	Min	6.0
103	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, kitchen	10	Min	6.9
104	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, living room	10	Min	4.8
105	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Outdoor	Unspecified	10	Min	1.2
106	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Commercial centre, hall 1	12	Min	28.0
107	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Commercial centre, hall 2	12	Min	13.2
108	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Commercial centre, hall 3	12	Min	18.7
109	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Ttrain station, hall	12	Min	5.3
110	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Airport, hall	12	Min	8.8
111	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Underground park	12	Min	17.9
112	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Library 1	12	Min	48.3
113	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Library 2	12	Min	31.3
114	Italy	Catania	May 2003	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Min	9.0
115	Italy	Catania	October 2003	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Min	8.5
116	Greece	Athens	Decmber 2003	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Min	10.5
117	Greece	Athens	October 2005	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Min	9.8
118	Greece	Thessaloniki	2004	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Min	12.6
119	Germany	Leipzig	2005	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Min	12.5
120	Italy	Catania	May 2003	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Min	9.0
121	Italy	Catania	October 2003	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Min	11.0
122	Greece	Athens	Decmber 2003	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Min	11.2
123	Greece	Athens	October 2005	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Min	10.7
124	Greece	Thessaloniki	2004	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Min	14.1
125	Belgium	Brussels	2004	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Min	7.7
126	the Netherlands	Nijmegen	2004	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Min	5.1
127	the Netherlands	Arnhem	2004	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Min	3.1
128	Germany	Leipzig	2005	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Min	5.6
129	UK	Unspecified	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential	1	Max	171.0
130	France	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential	3	Max	<70
131	France	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential, apartments with complaints	3	Max	2800.0
132	Germany	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential	3	Max	279.0
133	Greece	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential	3	Max	22.0
134	Norway	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential	3	Max	110.0
135	Switzerland	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential	3	Max	2760.0
136	Switzerland	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential, new dwellings	3	Max	840.0
137	the Netherlands	Unspecified	Before 1990	Indoor	Residential, 50 % of the dwellings with complaints	3	Max	1000.0
138	Germany	Unspecified	1985/86	Indoor	Residential	4	Max	309.0
139	Germany	Unspecified	1991/92	Indoor	Residential	4	Max	816.0
140	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Personal	24 hours	5	Max	655.0
141	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, bedroom, 24 hours	5	Max	58.0
142	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Personal	6 days	5	Max	94.0
143	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, bedroom, 6 days	5	Max	120.0
144	Sweden	1999-2000	Unspecified	Outdoor	6 days	5	Max	5.2
145	Finland	Helsinki	1997	Indoor	Residential	7	Max	62.3
146	Finland	Helsinki	1997	Personal	Unspecified	7	Max	40.3
147	Austria	Unspecified	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential	8	Max	115.0
148	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Residential, living room	9	Max	93.0
149	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Residentail, bedroom	9	Max	87.0
150	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, kitchen	10	Max	23.0
151	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Indoor	Residential, living room	10	Max	32.9
152	Italy	Rome	Unspecified	Outdoor	Unspecified	10	Max	7.0
153	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Commercial centre, hall 1	12	Max	28.3
154	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Commercial centre, hall 2	12	Max	16.5
155	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Commercial centre, hall 3	12	Max	24.3
156	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Ttrain station, hall	12	Max	9.3
157	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Airport, hall	12	Max	13.0
158	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Underground park	12	Max	20.6
159	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Library 1	12	Max	62.1
160	France	Strasbourg	2004-2005	Indoor	Library 2	12	Max	36.5
161	Italy	Catania	May 2003	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Max	16.2
162	Italy	Catania	October 2003	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Max	22.3
163	Greece	Athens	Decmber 2003	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Max	28.2
164	Greece	Athens	October 2005	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Max	30.5
165	Greece	Thessaloniki	2004	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Max	16.1
166	Germany	Leipzig	2005	Indoor	Schools and kindergartens	13	Max	49.7
167	Italy	Catania	May 2003	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Max	21.6
168	Italy	Catania	October 2003	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Max	23.2
169	Greece	Athens	Decmber 2003	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Max	26.0
170	Greece	Athens	October 2005	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Max	27.3
171	Greece	Thessaloniki	2004	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Max	29.9
172	Belgium	Brussels	2004	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Max	26.9
173	the Netherlands	Nijmegen	2004	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Max	12.5
174	the Netherlands	Arnhem	2004	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Max	11.0
175	Germany	Leipzig	2005	Indoor	Public buildings	13	Max	34.5

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References

1. Brown, et al. 2002. Indoor air quality in English homes—formaldehyde. In: Indoor Air 2002, Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Indoor Air Quality and Climate, 30 June–5 July 2002, Monterey, CA, Vol 4 (Levin H, ed). Santa Cruz, CA:Indoor Air, 473–476
2. Clarisse et al. 2003. Indoor aldehydes: measurement of contamination levels and identification of their determinants in Paris dwellings.
3. ECA Report No. 7: Indoor air pollution by Formaldehyde in European countries, 1990, http://www.inive.org/medias/ECA/ECA_Report7.pdf
4. GerES. http://www.umweltbundesamt.de/survey-e/objectives.htm [2007]
5. Gustafson et al., 2005. Formaldehyde levels in Sweden: personal exposure, indoor, and outdoor concentrations, Journal of Exposure Analysis and Environmental Epidemiology 15: 252–260.
6. Jarnstrom et al. 2006. Reference values for indoor air pollutant concentrations in new, residential buildings in Finland. Atmospheric Environment, 40: 7178-7191.
7. Jurvelin et al., 2001. Personal exposure levels and microenvironmental concentrations of formaldehyde and acetaldehyde in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland. Journal of Air & Waste Managemenet Association, 51: 17-24.
8. Kotzias et al. 2005. The INDEX project: Critical Appraisal of the Setting and Implementation of Indoor exposure Limits in the EU, EC, JRC EUR 21590 EN 2005
9. Marchand et al. 2008. Concentrations and determinants of gaseous aldehydes in 162 homes in Strasbourg (France). Atmospheric Environment 42: 505-516.
10. Santansiero & Fuselli 2008. Indoor and outdoor air carbonyl compounds correlation elucidated by principal component analysis, Environmental Research 106: 139–147
11. Ullrich, et al. 2002. German Environmental Survey of Children and Teenagers 2000 (GerES IV): A representative population study including indoor air pollutants. Indoor Air 1: 209–213.
12. Marchand et al. 2006. Aldehyde measurements in indoor environments in Strasbourg (France). Atmos Environ 40: 1336–45.
13. Kotzias et al. 2005. The AIRMEX (European Indoor Air Monitoring and Exposure Assessment) Project report. European Commission

Related files

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INTERA:Formaldehyde concentrations in Europe. Opasnet . [1]. Accessed 17 Mar 2025.