EU-kalat: Difference between revisions

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[show] This page is a study. The page identifier is Op_en3104
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EU-kalat is a study, where concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, PBDEs and heavy metals have been measured from fish

Question

The scope of EU-kalat study was to measure concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) including dioxin (PCDD/F), PCB and BDE in fish from Baltic sea and Finnish inland lakes and rivers. ^[1] ^[2] ^[3].

Answer

The original sample results can be acquired from Opasnet base. The study showed that levels of PCDD/Fs and PCBs depends especially on the fish species. Highest levels were on salmon and large sized herring. Levels of PCDD/Fs exceeded maximum level of 4 pg TEQ/g fw multiple times. Levels of PCDD/Fs were correlated positively with age of the fish.

Mean congener concentrations as WHO2005-TEQ in Baltic herring can be printed out with this link or by running the codel below.

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# This code is Op_en on page [[EU-kalat]].

library(OpasnetUtils)
library(ggplot2)

eu <- Ovariable("eu", ddata = "Op_en3104", subset = "POPs")
eu <- EvalOutput(eu)
#levels(eu$POP)
eu <- eu[eu$Fish_species == "Baltic herring" , ]

tef <- Ovariable("tef", ddata = "Op_en4017", subset = "TEF values")
tef <- EvalOutput(tef)
colnames(eu@output)[colnames(eu@output) == "POP"] <- "Congener"
levels(eu$Congener) <- gsub("HCDD", "HxCDD", levels(eu$Congener))
levels(eu$Congener) <- gsub("HCDF", "HxCDF", levels(eu$Congener))
levels(eu$Congener) <- gsub("CoPCB", "PCB", levels(eu$Congener))
#levels(eu$Congener)

euteq <- eu * tef
#head(euteq@output)
temp <- aggregate(euteq@output["Result"], by = c(euteq@output["Congener"], euteq@output["Catch_location"]), FUN = mean)

temp2 <- temp
temp2$Result <- temp2$Result / sum(temp2$Result)

cat("Congener TEQ profile of Baltic herring.\n")
oprint(temp2)
 
ggplot(temp, aes(x = Congener, y = Result, fill = Congener)) + geom_bar(stat = "identity") + facet_wrap(~ Catch_location) + 
labs(x = "Congener", y = "TEQ concentration (pg/g fat)") + theme_gray(base_size = 18) + coord_flip()

temp2 <- temp[temp$Congener %in% levels(temp$Congener)[1:17],]

ggplot(temp2, aes(x = Congener, y = Result, fill = Congener)) + geom_bar(stat = "identity") + facet_wrap(~ Catch_location) + 
  labs(
    title="Dioxin concentrations in Baltic herring",
    x = "Congener",
    y = "TEQ concentration (pg/g fat)"
  ) + theme_gray(base_size = 18) + coord_flip()

Rationale

Data

Data was collected between 2009-2010. The study contains years, tissue type, fish species, and fat content for each concentration measurement. Number of observations is 285.

There is a new study EU-kalat 3, which will produce results in 2016.

Calculations

Preprocess

Preprocess model 22.2.2017 [4]
- Objects used in Benefit-risk assessment of Baltic herring and salmon intake
Model run 25.1.2017 [5]
Model run 22.5.2017 with new ovariables euRaw, euAll, euMain, and euRatio [6]
Model run 23.5.2017 with adjusted ovariables euRaw, eu, euRatio [7]
Model run 11.10.2017: Small herring and Large herring added as new species [8]
Model rerun 15.11.2017 because the previous stored run was lost in update [9]
Model run 21.3.2018: Small and large herring replaced by actual fish length [10]
Model run 26.3.2018 eu2 moved here [11]

See an updated version of preprocess code for eu on Health effects of Baltic herring and salmon: a benefit-risk assessment#Code for estimating TEQ from chinese PCB7

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# This is code Op_en3104/preprocess on page [[EU-kalat]]
library(OpasnetUtils)
library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)

# Divide herring into small and large (as new "species")
euRaw <- Ovariable("euRaw", ddata = "Op_en3104", subset = "POPs")
#euRaw <- EvalOutput(euRaw)

#temp <- euRaw[euRaw$Fish_species == "Baltic herring" , ]
#temp$Fish_species <- as.factor(
#  ifelse(
#    as.numeric(as.character(temp$Length_mean_mm)) >= 170,
#    "Large herring",
#    "Small herring"
#  )
#)
#euRaw <- combine(euRaw, temp, name = "euRaw")

# levels(TEF$Group)
#[1] "Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins" "Chlorinated dibenzofurans"    
#[3] "Mono-ortho–substituted PCBs"   "Non-ortho–substituted PCBs"   

indexguide <- Ovariable(data=data.frame( # This is needed to make these indices marginals in eu (which is in long format).
  Length = 1,
  Year = 1,
  Weight = 1,
  Large = 1,
  Result = 1
))

eu <- Ovariable(
  "eu",
  dependencies = data.frame(
    Name=c("euRaw", "TEF", "indexguide"),
    Ident=c(NA,"Op_en4017/initiate", NA)
  ),
  formula = function(...) {
    euRaw$Length<-as.numeric(as.character(euRaw$Length_mean_mm))
    euRaw$Year <- as.numeric(substr(euRaw$Catch_date, nchar(as.character(euRaw$Catch_date))-3,100))
    euRaw@marginal[colnames(euRaw@output) %in% c("Length","Year")] <- TRUE
#    euRaw$Weight<-as.numeric(as.character(euRaw$Weight_mean_g))
#    euRaw$Large <- euRaw$Length >= 170
    
    eu <- euRaw[,c(1:4, 10, 20, 21, 18)] # See below + Length, Year, Result
    colnames(eu@output)[1:5] <- c("THLcode", "Matrix", "Compound", "Fish", "N")
    
    temp <- oapply(eu * TEF, cols = "Compound", FUN = "sum")
    colnames(temp@output)[colnames(temp@output)=="Group"] <- "Compound"
    eu <- combine(eu, temp)
    
    eu$Compound <- factor( # Compound levels are ordered based on the data table on [[TEF]]
      eu$Compound, 
      levels = unique(c(levels(TEF$Compound), levels(eu$Compound)))
    )
    eu$Compound <- eu$Compound[,drop=TRUE]
    
    return(eu)
  }
)

eu2 <- Ovariable(
  "eu2",
  dependencies=data.frame(Name="eu", Ident = NA),
  formula = function(...) {

replaces <- list(
  c("Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins", "PCDDF"),
  c("Chlorinated dibenzofurans", "PCDDF"),
  c("Mono-ortho-substituted PCBs", "PCB"),
  c("Non-ortho-substituted PCBs", "PCB")
)
eu2 <- eu
for(i in 1:length(replaces)) {
  levels(eu2$Compound)[levels(eu2$Compound)==replaces[[i]][1]] <- replaces[[i]][2]
}

eu2@marginal[colnames(eu2@output) %in% c("Length","Year")] <- TRUE # Indexguide should take care of this but it doesn't!
eu2 <- unkeep(eu2, prevresults = TRUE, sources = TRUE)
eu2 <- oapply(eu2, cols = "TEFversion", FUN = "sum") # Sums up dioxin+furan and non+monoortho. This goes wrong if > 1 TEFversion.
return(eu2)
}
)

euRatio <- Ovariable(
  "euRatio",
  dependencies = data.frame(Name=c("eu")),
  formula = function(...) {
    euRatio <- eu[
      eu$Compound == "2378TCDD" & eu$Matrix == "Muscle" & result(eu) != 0 , ] # Zeros cannot be used in ratio estimates
    euRatio$Compound <- NULL
    euRatio <- log10(eu / euRatio)@output
    euRatio <- euRatio[!euRatio$Compound %in% c("2378TCDD", "2378-TCDD", "TCDD") , ]
    return(euRatio)
  }
)

# Analysis: a few rows disappear here, as shown by numbers per fish species. Why?
# aggregate(eut@output, by = eut@output["Fish"], FUN = length)[[2]]
# [1] 1181  141  131   55  158   51   96   30   36   40  102   49   61  180 eu
# [1] 1173  141  131   55  158   51   96   27   36   40  102   49   53  180 eu/eut
# There are samples where TCDD concenctration is zero.
#eu@data[eu@data$POP == "2378TCDD" & eu@data$euResult == 0 , c(1,4)][[1]]
#eu@data[eu@data[[1]] %in% c("09K0585", "09K0698", "09K0740", "09K0748") , c(1,3,4,18)]
# Some rows disappear because there is no TCDD measurement to compare with:
#8 Baltic herrings, 8 sprats, 3 rainbow trouts.
# Conclusion: this is ok. Total 2292 rows.

################## Data for the main congeners and species only

#> unique(eu$Congener)
#[1] 2378TCDD     12378PeCDD   123478HCDD   123678HCDD   123789HCDD   1234678HpCDD
#[7] OCDD         2378TCDF     12378PeCDF   23478PeCDF   123478HCDF   123678HCDF  
#[13] 123789HCDF   234678HCDF   1234678HpCDF 1234789HpCDF OCDF         CoPCB77 ...     

# Remove the four PCDDFs with too little data (>70% BDL) and all non-PCDDF
# aggregate(eu@data$euResult, by = eu@data["POP"], FUN = function(x) mean(x == 0))

#[1] Baltic herring Sprat          Salmon         Sea trout      Vendace       
#[6] Roach          Perch          Pike           Pike-perch     Burbot        
#[11] Whitefish      Flounder       Bream          River lamprey  Cod           
#[16] Trout          Rainbow trout  Arctic char   Small herring   Large herring

indices <- list(
  Compound.TEQ2 = c("PCDDF", "PCB"),
  Compound.PCDDF14 = as.character(unique(euRaw$POP)[c(1:12, 14, 15)]), # 7 OCDD should be removed
  Fish.Fish16 = as.character(unique(euRaw$Fish_species)[c(1:4, 6:14, 17, 19, 20)])
)

#> indices
#$Compound.TEQ2
#[1] "PCDDF" "PCB"  
#
#$Compound.PCDDF14
# [1] "2378TCDD"     "12378PeCDD"   "123478HCDD"   "123678HCDD"   "123789HCDD"   "1234678HpCDD"
# [7] "OCDD"         "2378TCDF"     "12378PeCDF"   "23478PeCDF"   "123478HCDF"   "123678HCDF"  
#[13] "234678HCDF"   "1234678HpCDF"
#
#$Fish.Fish16
# [1] "Baltic herring" "Sprat"          "Salmon"         "Sea trout"      "Roach"         
# [6] "Perch"          "Pike"           "Pike-perch"     "Burbot"         "Whitefish"     
#[11] "Flounder"       "Bream"          "River lamprey"  "Rainbow trout"  "Small herring" 
#[16] "Large herring" 

#ggplot(euRaw@output, aes(x=Length, y=Weight))+geom_point()+
#  facet_wrap(~Fish_species, scales="free")

#oprint(summary(
#  euRaw[euRaw$Fish_species %in% c("Baltic herring","Salmon") & euRaw$POP == "2378TCDD" , ],
#  marginals=c("Catch_location","Large","Fish_species"),
#  fun = "length"
#))

objects.store(euRaw, eu, eu2, euRatio, indices, indexguide)
cat("Ovariables euRaw, eu, eu2, euRatio, and indexguide and list indices stored.\n")

Bayes model for dioxin concentrations

Model run 28.2.2017 [12]
Model run 28.2.2017 with corrected survey model [13]
Model run 28.2.2017 with Mu estimates [14]
Model run 1.3.2017 [15]
Model run 23.4.2017 [16] produces list conc.param and ovariable concentration
Model run 24.4.2017 [17]
Model run 19.5.2017 without ovariable concentration [18] ⇤--#: . The model does not mix well, so the results should not be used for final results. --Jouni (talk) 19:37, 19 May 2017 (UTC) (type: truth; paradigms: science: attack)

----#: . Maybe we should just estimate TEQs until the problem is fixed. --Jouni (talk) 19:37, 19 May 2017 (UTC) (type: truth; paradigms: science: comment)

Model run 22.5.2017 with TEQdx and TEQpcb as the only Compounds [19]
Model run 23.5.2017 debugged [20] [21] [22]
Model run 24.5.2017 TEQdx, TECpcb -> PCDDF, PCB [23]
Model run 11.10.2017 with small and large herring [24] (removed in update)
Model run 12.3.2018: bugs fixed with data used in Bayes. In addition, redundant fish species removed and Omega assumed to be the same for herring and salmon. [25]
Model run 22.3.2018 [26] Model does not mix well. Thinning gives little help?
Model run 25.3.2018 with conc.param as ovariable [27]

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# This is code Op_en3104/bayes on page [[EU-kalat]]

library(OpasnetUtils)
library(reshape2)
library(rjags) # JAGS
library(ggplot2)
library(MASS) # mvrnorm
library(car) # scatterplotMatrix

objects.latest("Op_en3104", code_name = "preprocess") # [[EU-kalat]] eu, eu2, euRatio, indices

conl <- indices$Compound.TEQ2
# fisl <- indices$Fish.Fish16
# fisl <- c("Baltic herring","Large herring","Salmon","Small herring")
fisl <- c("Baltic herring","Salmon")
C <- length(conl)
Fi <- length(fisl)
N <- 1000
conl
fisl

eu2 <- EvalOutput(eu2)

# Hierarchical Bayes model.

# PCDD/F concentrations in fish.
# It uses the TEQ sum of PCDD/F (PCDDF) as the total concentration
# of dioxin and PCB respectively for PCB in fish.
# PCDDF depends on size of fish, fish species, catchment time, and catchment area,
# but we omit catchment area. In addition, we assume that size of fish has
# zero effect for other fish than Baltic herring.
# Catchment year affects all species similarly. 

eu2 <- eu2[eu2$Compound %in% conl & eu2$Fish %in% fisl & eu2$Matrix == "Muscle" , ]
eu3 <- reshape( 
  eu2@output, 
  v.names = "euResult", 
  idvar = c("THLcode", "Fish"),
  timevar = "Compound", 
  drop = c("Matrix"), 
  direction = "wide"
)

oprint(head(eu3))

#> colnames(eu3)
#[1] "THLcode"        "Fish"           "N"              "Length"         "Year"          
#[6] "euResult.PCDDF" "euResult.PCB"  

conc <- data.matrix(eu3[6:ncol(eu3)])

if(FALSE){
  # Find the level of quantification for dinterval function
  LOQ <- unlist(lapply(eu3[6:ncol(eu3)], FUN = function(x) min(x[x!=0]))) 
  # With TEQ, there are no zeros. So this is useful only if there are congener-specific results.
  names(LOQ) <- conl
  
  
  conc <- sapply(
    1:length(LOQ),
    FUN = function(x) ifelse(conc[,x]==0, 0.5*LOQ[x], conc[,x])
  )
}
# This version of the model looks only at Baltic herring and salmon.
# It assumes that all fish groups have the same Omega but mu varies.

mod <- textConnection(
  "
  model{
  for(i in 1:S) { # S = fish sample
  #        below.LOQ[i,j] ~ dinterval(-conc[i,j], -LOQ[j])
  conc[i,1:C] ~ dmnorm(muind[i,], Omega[fis[i],,])
  muind[i,1:C] <- mu[fis[i],1:C] + lenp[fis[i]]*length[i] + timep*year[i]
  }
  
  # Priors for parameters
  # Time trend. Assumed a known constant because at the moment there is little time variation in data.
  # https://www.evira.fi/elintarvikkeet/ajankohtaista/2018/itameren-silakoissa-yha-vahemman-ymparistomyrkkyja---paastojen-rajoitukset-vaikuttavat/
  # PCDDF/PCB-concentations 2001: 9 pg/g fw, 2016: 3.5 pg/g fw. (3.5/9)^(1/15)-1=-0.06102282
  timep ~ dnorm(-0.0610, 10000) 
  lenp[1] ~ dnorm(0.01,0.01) # length parameter for herring
  lenp[2] ~ dnorm(0,10000) # length parameter for salmon: assumed zero
  
  for(i in 1:Fi) { # Fi = fish species
  Omega[i,1:C,1:C] ~ dwish(Omega0[1:C,1:C],S)
  pred[i,1:C] ~ dmnorm(mu[i,1:C]+lenp[i]*lenpred+timep*timepred, Omega[i,,]) # Model prediction.
  for(j in 1:C) { 
  mu[i,j] ~ dnorm(0, 0.0001) # mu1[j], tau1[j]) # Congener-specific mean for fishes
  }
  }
  }
  ")

jags <- jags.model(
  mod,
  data = list(
    S = nrow(eu3),
    C = C,
    Fi = Fi,
    conc = log(conc),
    length = eu3$Length-170, # Subtract average herring size
    year = eu3$Year-2009, # Substract baseline year
    fis = match(eu3$Fish, fisl),
    lenpred = 233-170,
    timepred = 2009-2009,
    Omega0 = diag(C)/100000
  ),
  n.chains = 4,
  n.adapt = 100
)

update(jags, 1000)

samps.j <- jags.samples(
  jags, 
  c(
    'mu', # mean by fish and compound
    'Omega', # precision matrix by compound
    'lenp',# parameters for length
    'timep', # parameter for Year
    'pred' # predicted concentration for year 2009 and length 17 cm
  ), 
  #  thin=1000,
  N
)
dimnames(samps.j$Omega) <- list(Fish = fisl, Compound = conl, Compound2 = conl, Iter=1:N, Chain=1:4)
dimnames(samps.j$mu) <- list(Fish = fisl, Compound = conl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
dimnames(samps.j$lenp) <- list(Fish = fisl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
dimnames(samps.j$pred) <- list(Fish = fisl, Compound = conl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
dimnames(samps.j$timep) <- list(Dummy = "time", Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)

##### conc.param contains expected values of the distribution parameters from the model

conc.param <- Ovariable(
  "conc.param",
  dependencies = data.frame(Name = "samps.j", Ident=NA),
  formula = function(...) {
    conc.param <- list(
      Omega = apply(samps.j$Omega, MARGIN = 1:3, FUN = mean),
      lenp = cbind(
        mean = apply(samps.j$lenp, MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
        sd = apply(samps.j$lenp, MARGIN = 1, FUN = sd)
      ),
      mu = apply(samps.j$mu, MARGIN = 1:2, FUN = mean),
      timep = cbind(
        mean = apply(samps.j$timep, MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
        sd = apply(samps.j$timep, MARGIN = 1, FUN = sd)
      )
    )
    names(dimnames(conc.param$lenp)) <- c("Fish","Metaparam")
    names(dimnames(conc.param$timep)) <- c("Dummy","Metaparam")
    conc.param <- melt(conc.param)
    colnames(conc.param)[colnames(conc.param)=="value"] <- "Result"
    colnames(conc.param)[colnames(conc.param)=="L1"] <- "Parameter"
    conc.param$Dummy <- NULL
    conc.param$Metaparam <- ifelse(is.na(conc.param$Metaparam), conc.param$Parameter, as.character(conc.param$Metaparam))
    return(Ovariable(output=conc.param, marginal=colnames(conc.param)!="Result"))
  }
)

objects.store(conc.param, samps.j)
cat("Lists conc.params and samps.j stored.\n")

######################3

cat("Descriptive statistics:\n")

# Leave only the main fish species and congeners and remove others

#oprint(summary(
#  eu2[eu2$Compound %in% indices$Compound.PCDDF14 & eu$Fish %in% fisl , ],
#  marginals = c("Fish", "Compound"), # Matrix is always 'Muscle'
#  function_names = c("mean", "sd")
#))

ggplot(eu2@output, aes(x = euResult, colour=Compound))+stat_ecdf()+
  facet_wrap( ~ Fish)+scale_x_log10()

ggplot(eu2@output, 
       aes(x = Length, y = euResult, colour=Compound))+geom_point()+
  facet_grid(Compound ~ Fish, scale="free_x")+scale_y_log10()

scatterplotMatrix(t(exp(samps.j$pred[1,,,1])), main = "Predictions for all compounds for Baltic herring")
scatterplotMatrix(t(exp(samps.j$pred[,1,,1])), main = "Predictions for all fish species for PCDDF")
scatterplotMatrix(t(samps.j$Omega[,1,1,,1]))
#scatterplotMatrix(t(cbind(samps.j$Omega[1,1,1,,1],samps.j$mu[1,1,,1])))

plot(coda.samples(jags, 'Omega', N))
plot(coda.samples(jags, 'mu', N))
plot(coda.samples(jags, 'lenp', N))
plot(coda.samples(jags, 'timep', N))
plot(coda.samples(jags, 'pred', N))

Initiate conc_pcddf for PFAS disease burden study

Initiate euw data.frame

This code is similar to preprocess but is better and includes PFAS concentrations from op_fi:PFAS-yhdisteiden tautitaakka. It produces data.frame euw that is the EU-kalat + PFAS data in wide format and, for PFAS but not EU-kalat, a sampled value for measurements below the level of quantification.

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# This is code Op_en3104/preprocess2 on page [[EU-kalat]]
library(OpasnetUtils)
library(ggplot2)
library(reshape2)

openv.setN(1)
opts = options(stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
euRaw <- Ovariable("euRaw", ddata = "Op_en3104", subset = "POPs") # [[EU-kalat]]

eu <- Ovariable(
  "eu",
  dependencies = data.frame(
    Name=c("euRaw", "TEF"),
    Ident=c(NA,"Op_en4017/initiate")
  ),
  formula = function(...) {
    out <- euRaw
    out$Length<-as.numeric(as.character(out$Length_mean_mm))
    out$Year <- as.numeric(substr(out$Catch_date, nchar(as.character(out$Catch_date))-3,100))
    out$Weight<-as.numeric(as.character(out$Weight_mean_g))

    out <- out[,c(1:6, 8: 10, 14:17, 19:22, 18)] # See below 
    
    #[1] "ﮮTHL_code"             "Matrix"                "POP"                   "Fish_species"         
    #[5] "Catch_site"            "Catch_location"        "Catch_season"          "Catch_square"         
    #[9] "N_individuals"         "Sex"                   "Age"                   "Fat_percentage"       
    #[13] "Dry_matter_percentage" "euRawSource"           "Length"                "Year"                 
    #[17] "Weight"                "euRawResult"          
    
    colnames(out@output)[1:13] <- c("THLcode", "Matrix", "Compound", "Fish", "Site", "Location", "Season",
                                   "Square","N","Sex","Age","Fat","Dry_matter")
    out@marginal <- colnames(out)!="euRawResult"
    
    tmp <- oapply(out * TEF, cols = "Compound", FUN = "sum")
    colnames(tmp@output)[colnames(tmp@output)=="Group"] <- "Compound"
    # levels(tmp$Compound)
    # [1] "Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins" "Chlorinated dibenzofurans"     "Mono-ortho-substituted PCBs"  
    # [4] "Non-ortho-substituted PCBs"   
    levels(tmp$Compound) <- c("PCDD","PCDF","moPCB","noPCB")
    
    out <- OpasnetUtils::combine(out, tmp)
    
    out$Compound <- factor( # Compound levels are ordered based on the data table on [[TEF]]
      out$Compound, 
      levels = unique(c(levels(TEF$Compound), unique(out$Compound)))
    )
    out$Compound <- out$Compound[,drop=TRUE]
    
    return(out)
  }
)

eu <- EvalOutput(eu)

euw <- reshape( 
  eu@output, 
  v.names = "euResult", 
  idvar = c("THLcode", "Matrix", "Fish"), # , "Site","Location","Season","Square","N","Sex","Age","Fat", "Dry_matter","Length","Year","Weight"
  timevar = "Compound", 
  drop = c("euRawSource","TEFversion","TEFrawSource","TEFSource","Source","euSource"), 
  direction = "wide"
)
colnames(euw) <- gsub("euResult\\.","",colnames(euw))
euw$PCDDF <- euw$PCDD + euw$PCDF
euw$PCB <- euw$noPCB + euw$moPCB
euw$TEQ <- euw$PCDDF + euw$PCB
euw$PFOA <- euw$PFOA / 1000 # pg/g --> ng/g
euw$PFOS <- euw$PFOS / 1000 # pg/g --> ng/g
euw$PFAS <- euw$PFOA + euw$PFOS

#################### PFAS measurements from Porvoo

conc_pfas_raw <- EvalOutput(Ovariable(
  "conc_pfas_raw",
  data=opbase.data("Op_fi5932", subset="PFAS concentrations"), # [[PFAS-yhdisteiden tautitaakka]]
  unit="ng/g f.w.")
)@output

conc_pfas_raw <- reshape(conc_pfas_raw,
                         v.names="conc_pfas_rawResult",
                         timevar="Compound",
                         idvar=c("Obs","Fish"),
                         drop="conc_pfas_rawSource",
                         direction="wide")

colnames(conc_pfas_raw) <- gsub("conc_pfas_rawResult\\.","",colnames(conc_pfas_raw))
conc_pfas_raw <- within(conc_pfas_raw, PFAS <- PFOS + PFHxS + PFOA + PFNA)
conc_pfas_raw$Obs <- NULL

euw <- orbind(euw, conc_pfas_raw)

objects.store(euw)
cat("Data.frame euw stored.\n")

Initiate conc_param using Bayesian approach

Bayesian approach for PCDDF, PCB, OT, PFAS.

Model run 2021-03-08 [28]
Model run 2021-03-08 [29] with the fish needed in PFAS assessment
Model run 2021-03-12 [30] using euw
Model run 2021-03-13 [31] with location parameter for PFAS
Model run 2021-03-17 [32] location parameter not plotted because problems with older R version in Opasnet.

+ Show code - Hide code

# This is code Op_en3104/pollutant_bayes on page [[EU-kalat]]
# The code is also available at https://github.com/jtuomist/pfas/blob/main/conc_pcddf_preprocess.R

library(OpasnetUtils)
library(reshape2)
library(rjags) # JAGS
library(ggplot2)
library(MASS) # mvrnorm
library(car) # scatterplotMatrix

#' Find the level of quantification for dinterval function
#' @param df data.frame
#' @return data.matrix
add_loq <- function(df) { # This should reflect the fraction of observations below LOQ.
  LOQ <- unlist(lapply(df, FUN = function(x) min(x[x!=0], na.rm=TRUE))) 
  out <- sapply(
    1:length(LOQ),
    FUN = function(x) ifelse(df[,x]==0, 0.5*LOQ[x], df[,x])
  )
  out <- data.matrix(out)
  return(out)
}

#size <- Ovariable("size", ddata="Op_en7748", subset="Size distribution of fish species")
#time <- Ovariable("time", data = data.frame(Result=2015))

objects.latest("Op_en3104", code_name = "preprocess2") # [[EU-kalat]] euw

# Hierarchical Bayes model.

# PCDD/F concentrations in fish.
# It uses the TEQ sum of PCDD/F (PCDDF) as the total concentration
# of dioxin and PCB respectively for PCB in fish.
# PCDDF depends on size of fish, fish species, catchment time, and catchment area,
# but we omit catchment area. In addition, we assume that size of fish has
# zero effect for other fish than Baltic herring.
# Catchment year affects all species similarly. 

eu3 <- euw[!colnames(euw) %in% c("MPhT","DOT","BDE138")] # No values > 0

eu3 <- eu3[eu3$Matrix == "Muscle" , ]
eu3$Locat <- ifelse(eu3$Location=="Porvoo",2,
                       ifelse(eu3$Location=="Helsinki, Vanhankaupunginlahti Bay",3,1))
locl <- c("Finland","Porvoo","Helsinki")

#conl_nd <- c("PFAS","PFOA","PFOS","DBT","MBT","TBT","DPhT","TPhT")
conl_nd <- c("PFAS","PFOS") # TBT would drop Porvoo measurements
fisl <- fisl_nd <- c("Baltic herring","Bream","Flounder","Perch","Roach","Salmon","Whitefish")

eu4 <- eu3[rowSums(is.na(eu3[conl_nd]))<length(conl_nd) & eu3$Fish %in% fisl_nd ,
           c(1:5,match(c("Locat",conl_nd),colnames(eu3)))]

conc_nd <- add_loq(eu4[conl_nd])

conl <- c("TEQ","PCDDF","PCB") # setdiff(colnames(eu3)[-(1:5)], conl_nd)
eu3 <- eu3[!is.na(eu3$PCDDF) & eu3$Fish %in% fisl , c(1:5, match(conl,colnames(eu3)))]

oprint(head(eu3))
oprint(head(eu4))

C <- length(conl)
Fi <- length(fisl)
N <- 200
thin <- 100
conl
fisl
conl_nd
fisl_nd

eu3 <- eu3[rowSums(is.na(eu3))==0,]
conc <- add_loq(eu3[conl]) # Remove rows with missing data.

# The model assumes that all fish groups have the same Omega but mu varies.

mod <- textConnection(
  "
  model{
    for(i in 1:S) { # S = fish sample
      #        below.LOQ[i,j] ~ dinterval(-conc[i,j], -LOQ[j])
      conc[i,1:C] ~ dmnorm(muind[i,], Omega[fis[i],,])
      muind[i,1:C] <- mu[fis[i],1:C] #+ lenp[fis[i]]*length[i] + timep*year[i]
    }
    for(i in 1:S_nd) {
      for(j in 1:C_nd) {
        conc_nd[i,j] ~ dnorm(muind_nd[i,j], tau_nd[j])
        muind_nd[i,j] <- mu_nd[fis_nd[i],j] + mulocat[locat[i]] #+ lenp[fis[i]]*length[i] + timep*year[i]
      }
    }
    
    # Priors for parameters
    # Time trend. Assumed a known constant because at the moment there is little time variation in data.
    # https://www.evira.fi/elintarvikkeet/ajankohtaista/2018/itameren-silakoissa-yha-vahemman-ymparistomyrkkyja---paastojen-rajoitukset-vaikuttavat/
    # PCDDF/PCB-concentations 2001: 9 pg/g fw, 2016: 3.5 pg/g fw. (3.5/9)^(1/15)-1=-0.06102282
  #  timep ~ dnorm(-0.0610, 10000) 
  #  lenp[1] ~ dnorm(0.01,0.01) # length parameter for herring
  #  lenp[2] ~ dnorm(0,10000) # length parameter for salmon: assumed zero
    
    for(i in 1:Fi) { # Fi = fish species
      Omega[i,1:C,1:C] ~ dwish(Omega0[1:C,1:C],S)
      pred[i,1:C] ~ dmnorm(mu[i,1:C], Omega[i,,]) #+lenp[i]*lenpred+timep*timepred, Omega[i,,]) # Model prediction.
      for(j in 1:C) { 
        mu[i,j] ~ dnorm(0, 0.0001) # mu1[j], tau1[j]) # Congener-specific mean for fishes
      }
    }
    # Non-dioxins
    mulocat[1] <- 0
    mulocat[2] ~ dnorm(0,0.001)
    mulocat[3] ~ dnorm(0,0.001)
    for(j in 1:C_nd) {
      tau_nd[j] ~ dgamma(0.001,0.001)
      for(i in 1:Fi_nd) { # Fi = fish species
        pred_nd[i,j] ~ dnorm(mu[i,j], tau_nd[j])
        mu_nd[i,j] ~ dnorm(0, 0.0001)
      }
    }
  }
")

jags <- jags.model(
  mod,
  data = list(
    S = nrow(conc),
    S_nd = nrow(conc_nd),
    C = C,
    C_nd = ncol(conc_nd),
    Fi = Fi,
    Fi_nd = length(fisl_nd),
    conc = log(conc),
    conc_nd = log(conc_nd),
    locat = eu4$Locat,
    #    length = eu3$Length-170, # Subtract average herring size
    #    year = eu3$Year-2009, # Substract baseline year
    fis = match(eu3$Fish, fisl),
    fis_nd = match(eu4$Fish, fisl_nd),
    #    lenpred = 233-170,
    #    timepred = 2009-2009,
    Omega0 = diag(C)/100000
  ),
  n.chains = 4,
  n.adapt = 200
)

update(jags, 1000)

samps.j <- jags.samples(
  jags, 
  c(
    'mu', # mean by fish and compound
    'Omega', # precision matrix by compound
    #    'lenp',# parameters for length
    #    'timep', # parameter for Year
    'pred', # predicted concentration for year 2009 and length 17 cm
    'pred_nd',
    'mu_nd',
    'tau_nd',
    'mulocat'
  ), 
  thin=thin,
  N*thin
)
dimnames(samps.j$Omega) <- list(Fish = fisl, Compound = conl, Compound2 = conl, Iter=1:N, Chain=1:4)
dimnames(samps.j$mu) <- list(Fish = fisl, Compound = conl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
#dimnames(samps.j$lenp) <- list(Fish = fisl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
dimnames(samps.j$pred) <- list(Fish = fisl, Compound = conl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
dimnames(samps.j$pred_nd) <- list(Fish = fisl_nd, Compound = conl_nd, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
dimnames(samps.j$mu_nd) <- list(Fish = fisl_nd, Compound = conl_nd, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
dimnames(samps.j$tau_nd) <- list(Compound = conl_nd, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
#dimnames(samps.j$timep) <- list(Dummy = "time", Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
dimnames(samps.j$mulocat) <- list(Area = locl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)

##### conc_param contains expected values of the distribution parameters from the model

conc_param <- list(
  Omega = apply(samps.j$Omega, MARGIN = 1:3, FUN = mean),
  #      lenp = cbind(
  #        mean = apply(samps.j$lenp, MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
  #        sd = apply(samps.j$lenp, MARGIN = 1, FUN = sd)
  #      ),
  mu = apply(samps.j$mu, MARGIN = 1:2, FUN = mean),
  #      timep = cbind(
  #        mean = apply(samps.j$timep, MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
  #        sd = apply(samps.j$timep, MARGIN = 1, FUN = sd)
  #      )
  mu_nd =  apply(samps.j$mu_nd, MARGIN = 1:2, FUN = mean),
  tau_nd =  apply(samps.j$tau_nd, MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
  mulocat = apply(samps.j$mulocat, MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean)
)
#    names(dimnames(conc_param$lenp)) <- c("Fish","Metaparam")
#    names(dimnames(conc_param$timep)) <- c("Dummy","Metaparam")

conc_param <- melt(conc_param)
colnames(conc_param)[colnames(conc_param)=="value"] <- "Result"
colnames(conc_param)[colnames(conc_param)=="L1"] <- "Parameter"
conc_param$Compound[conc_param$Parameter =="tau_nd"] <- conl_nd # drops out because one-dimensional
conc_param$Area[conc_param$Parameter =="mulocat"] <- locl # drops out because one-dimensional
conc_param <- fillna(conc_param,c("Fish","Area"))
for(i in 1:ncol(conc_param)) {
  if("factor" %in% class(conc_param[[i]])) conc_param[[i]] <- as.character(conc_param[[i]])
}
conc_param <- Ovariable("conc_param",data=conc_param)

objects.store(conc_param)
cat("Ovariable conc_param stored.\n")

######################3

cat("Descriptive statistics:\n")

# Leave only the main fish species and congeners and remove others

#oprint(summary(
#  eu2[eu2$Compound %in% indices$Compound.PCDDF14 & eu$Fish %in% fisl , ],
#  marginals = c("Fish", "Compound"), # Matrix is always 'Muscle'
#  function_names = c("mean", "sd")
#))

#tmp <- euw[euw$Compound %in% c("PCDDF","PCB","BDE153","PBB153","PFOA","PFOS","DBT","MBT","TBT"),]
#ggplot(tmp, aes(x = eu2Result, colour=Fish))+stat_ecdf()+
#  facet_wrap( ~ Compound, scales="free_x")+scale_x_log10()

dimnames(samps.j$mulocat)

scatterplotMatrix(t(exp(samps.j$pred[2,,,1])), main = paste("Predictions for several compounds for",
                                                            names(samps.j$pred[,1,1,1])[2]))
scatterplotMatrix(t(exp(samps.j$pred[,1,,1])), main = paste("Predictions for all fish species for",
                                                            names(samps.j$pred[1,,1,1])[1]))
scatterplotMatrix(t(samps.j$Omega[2,,1,,1]), main = "Omega for several compounds in Baltic herring")

scatterplotMatrix(t((samps.j$pred_nd[1,,,1])), main = paste("Predictions for several compounds for",
                                                            names(samps.j$pred_nd[,1,1,1])[1]))

#scatterplotMatrix(t((samps.j$mulocat[,,1])), main = paste("Predictions for location average difference",
#                                                            names(samps.j$pred_nd[,1,1,1])[1]))

#plot(coda.samples(jags, 'Omega', N))
plot(coda.samples(jags, 'mu', N*thin, thin))
#plot(coda.samples(jags, 'lenp', N))
#plot(coda.samples(jags, 'timep', N))
plot(coda.samples(jags, 'pred', N*thin, thin))
plot(coda.samples(jags, 'mu_nd', N*thin, thin))
plot(coda.samples(jags, 'mulocat', N*thin, thin))
tst <- (coda.samples(jags, 'pred', N))

Initiate conc_poll

+ Show code - Hide code

#This is code Op_en3104/conc_poll on page [[EU-kalat]]

library(OpasnetUtils)

conc_poll <- Ovariable(
  "conc_poll",
  dependencies = data.frame(
    Name=c("conc_param"), #,"lengt","time"),
    Ident=c("Op_en3104/pollutant_bayes")#,NA,NA)
  ),
  formula=function(...) {
    require(MASS)
    tmp1 <- conc_param + Ovariable(data=data.frame(Result="0-1")) # Ensures Iter #  lengt + time + 
    tmp2 <- unique(tmp1@output[setdiff(
      colnames(tmp1@output)[tmp1@marginal],
      c("Compound","Compound2","Metaparam","Parameter")
    )])
    tmp2$Row <- 1:nrow(tmp2)
    tmp3 <- merge(tmp2,tmp1@output)
    out <- data.frame()
    for(i in 1:nrow(tmp2)) {
      
      ############## PCDDF (with multivariate mvnorm)
      
      tmp <- tmp3[tmp3$Row == i , ]
      Omega <- solve(tapply(
        tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="Omega"],
        tmp[tmp$Parameter=="Omega", c("Compound","Compound2")],
        sum # Equal to identity because only 1 row per cell.
      )) # Precision matrix
      con <- names(Omega[,1])
      
      mu <- tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="mu"][match(con,tmp$Compound[tmp$Parameter=="mu"])] # + # baseline
#        rnorm(1,
#              tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="lenp" & tmp$Metaparam=="mean"][1],
#              tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="lenp" & tmp$Metaparam=="sd"][1]
#        ) * (tmp$lengtResult[1]-170) + # lengt
#        rnorm(1,
#              tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="timep" & tmp$Metaparam=="mean"][1],
#              tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="timep" & tmp$Metaparam=="sd"][1]
#        )* (tmp$timeResult[1]-2009) # time
      
      rnd <- exp(mvrnorm(1, mu, Omega))
      out <- rbind(out, merge(tmp2[i,], data.frame(Compound=con,Result=rnd)))
      
      #################### PFAS etc (with univariate norm)
      con <- tmp$Compound[tmp$Parameter=="mu_nd"]
      mu <- tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="mu_nd"]
      tau <- tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="tau_nd"][match(con,tmp$Compound[tmp$Parameter=="tau_nd"])]
      mulocat <- tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="mulocat"]
      for(j in 1:length(con)) {
        rnd <- exp(rnorm(1 , mu[j] + mulocat , tau[j]))
        out <- rbind(out,
                     data.frame(tmp2[i,],Compound = con[j],Result = rnd)
                     )
      }
    }
    out$Row <- NULL
#    temp <- aggregate(
#      out["Result"],
#      by=out[setdiff(colnames(out), c("Result","Compound"))],
#      FUN=sum
#    )
#    temp$Compound <- "TEQ"
    out <- Ovariable(
      output = out, # rbind(out, temp),
      marginal = colnames(out) != "Result"
    )
    return(out)
  }
)

objects.store(conc_poll)
cat("Ovariable conc_poll stored.\n")

Initiate conc_pcddf for Goherr

Model run 19.5.2017 [33]
Model run 23.5.2017 with bugs fixed [34]
Model run 12.10.2017: TEQ calculation added [35]
Model rerun 15.11.2017 because the previous stored run was lost in update [36]
12.3.2018 adjusted to match the same Omega for all fish species [37]
26.3.2018 includes length and time as parameters, lengt ovariable initiated here [38]

+ Show code - Hide code

# This is code Op_en3104/initiate on page [[EU-kalat]]

library(OpasnetUtils)

lengt <- Ovariable(
  "lengt",
  dependencies=data.frame(Name="size",Ident=NA),
  formula = function(...) {
    size$Lower <- as.numeric(as.character(size$Lower))
    rep <- unique(size@output[
      colnames(size@output)!="Lower" & size@marginal
      ])
    out <- data.frame()
    name <- paste(size@name, "Result", sep="")
    for(j in 1:nrow(rep)) {
      siz <- numeric()
      tmp <- merge(rep[j,,drop=FALSE], size@output)
      tmp <- tmp[order(tmp$Lower),]
      num <- tmp[[name]]/sum(tmp[[name]])
      for(i in 1:(nrow(tmp)-1)) { # Pick at random from each bin
        siz <- c(siz,runif(
          openv$N,
          tmp$Lower[i],
          tmp$Lower[i+1]
        )[1:ceiling(num[i]*openv$N)])
      }
      out <- rbind(out, cbind(
        rep[j,,drop=FALSE],
        Iter=1:openv$N,
        Result=sample(siz, openv$N) # Take fixed amount and shuffle
      ))
    }
    return(Ovariable(output=out, marginal=!grepl("Result", colnames(out))))
  }
)

conc_pcddf <- Ovariable(
  "conc_pcddf",
  dependencies = data.frame(
    Name=c("conc.param","lengt","time"),
    Ident=c("Op_en3104/bayes",NA,NA)
  ),
  formula=function(...) {
    require(MASS)
    tmp1 <- lengt + time + conc.param + Ovariable(data=data.frame(Result="0-1")) # Ensures Iter
    tmp2 <- unique(tmp1@output[setdiff(
      colnames(tmp1@output)[tmp1@marginal],
      c("Compound","Compound2","Metaparam","Parameter")
    )])
    tmp2$Row <- 1:nrow(tmp2)
    tmp3 <- merge(tmp2,tmp1@output)
    out <- data.frame()
    con <- levels(tmp1$Compound)
    for(i in 1:nrow(tmp2)) {
      tmp <- tmp3[tmp3$Row == i , ]
      mu <- tmp$conc.paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="mu"][match(con,tmp$Compound[tmp$Parameter=="mu"])] + # baseline
        rnorm(1,
          tmp$conc.paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="lenp" & tmp$Metaparam=="mean"][1],
          tmp$conc.paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="lenp" & tmp$Metaparam=="sd"][1]
        )* (tmp$lengtResult[1]-170) + # lengt
        rnorm(1,
          tmp$conc.paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="timep" & tmp$Metaparam=="mean"][1],
          tmp$conc.paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="timep" & tmp$Metaparam=="sd"][1]
        )* (tmp$timeResult[1]-2009) # time
    
      Omega <- solve(tapply( # Is it sure that PCDDF and PCB are not mixed to wrong order?
        tmp$conc.paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="Omega"],
        tmp[tmp$Parameter=="Omega", c("Compound","Compound2")],
        sum # Equal to identity because only 1 row per cell.
      )) # Precision matrix
    
      rnd <- exp(mvrnorm(1, mu, Omega))
      out <- rbind(out, merge(tmp2[i,], data.frame(Compound=names(rnd),Result=rnd)))
    }
    out$Row <- NULL
    temp <- aggregate(
      out["Result"],
      by=out[setdiff(colnames(out), c("Result","Compound"))],
      FUN=sum
    )
    temp$Compound <- "TEQ"
    out <- Ovariable(
      output = rbind(out, temp),
      marginal = colnames(out) != "Result"
    )
    return(out)
  }
)

objects.store(conc_pcddf, lengt)
cat("Ovariables conc_pcddf, lengt stored.\n")

⇤--#: . These codes should be coherent with POPs in Baltic herring. --Jouni (talk) 12:14, 7 June 2017 (UTC) (type: truth; paradigms: science: attack)

References

↑ A. Hallikainen, H. Kiviranta, P. Isosaari, T. Vartiainen, R. Parmanne, P.J. Vuorinen: Kotimaisen järvi- ja merikalan dioksiinien, furaanien, dioksiinien kaltaisten PCB-yhdisteiden ja polybromattujen difenyylieettereiden pitoisuudet. Elintarvikeviraston julkaisuja 1/2004. [1]
↑ E-R.Venäläinen, A. Hallikainen, R. Parmanne, P.J. Vuorinen: Kotimaisen järvi- ja merikalan raskasmetallipitoisuudet. Elintarvikeviraston julkaisuja 3/2004. [2]
↑ Anja Hallikainen, Riikka Airaksinen, Panu Rantakokko, Jani Koponen, Jaakko Mannio, Pekka J. Vuorinen, Timo Jääskeläinen, Hannu Kiviranta. Itämeren kalan ja muun kotimaisen kalan ympäristömyrkyt: PCDD/F-, PCB-, PBDE-, PFC- ja OT-yhdisteet. Eviran tutkimuksia 2/2011. ISSN 1797-2981 ISBN 978-952-225-083-4 [3]

[eukalatpop-1] A. Hallikainen, H. Kiviranta, P. Isosaari, T. Vartiainen, R. Parmanne, P.J. Vuorinen: Kotimaisen järvi- ja merikalan dioksiinien, furaanien, dioksiinien kaltaisten PCB-yhdisteiden ja polybromattujen difenyylieettereiden pitoisuudet. Elintarvikeviraston julkaisuja 1/2004. [1]

[eukalatmetallit-2] E-R.Venäläinen, A. Hallikainen, R. Parmanne, P.J. Vuorinen: Kotimaisen järvi- ja merikalan raskasmetallipitoisuudet. Elintarvikeviraston julkaisuja 3/2004. [2]

[eukalat2-3] Anja Hallikainen, Riikka Airaksinen, Panu Rantakokko, Jani Koponen, Jaakko Mannio, Pekka J. Vuorinen, Timo Jääskeläinen, Hannu Kiviranta. Itämeren kalan ja muun kotimaisen kalan ympäristömyrkyt: PCDD/F-, PCB-, PBDE-, PFC- ja OT-yhdisteet. Eviran tutkimuksia 2/2011. ISSN 1797-2981 ISBN 978-952-225-083-4 [3]

[1]

[2]

[3]

EU-kalat: Difference between revisions

Latest revision as of 09:04, 17 March 2021

Contents

Question

Answer

Rationale

Data

Calculations

Preprocess

Bayes model for dioxin concentrations

Initiate conc_pcddf for PFAS disease burden study

Initiate euw data.frame

Initiate conc_param using Bayesian approach

Initiate conc_poll

Initiate conc_pcddf for Goherr

See also

References

Navigation menu

@@ Line 12: / Line 12: @@
 == Answer ==
+[[File:Dioxin concentrations in Baltic herring.png|thumb|400px|Dioxin concentrations in Baltic herring.]]
 The original sample results can be acquired from [http://en.opasnet.org/w/Special:Opasnet_Base?id=Op_en3104 Opasnet base]. The study showed that levels of PCDD/Fs and PCBs depends especially on the fish species. Highest levels were on salmon and large sized herring. Levels of PCDD/Fs exceeded maximum level of 4 pg TEQ/g fw multiple times. Levels of PCDD/Fs were correlated positively with age of the fish.
-Mean congener concentrations as WHO2005-TEQ in Baltic herring can be printed out with the Run code below.
+Mean congener concentrations as WHO2005-TEQ in Baltic herring can be [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=9Q7skOCFyPfpJbmg printed out with this link] or by running the codel below.
-<rcode embed=1 graphics=1>
+<rcode graphics=1>
 # This code is Op_en on page [[EU-kalat]].
@@ Line 47: / Line 48: @@
 ggplot(temp, aes(x = Congener, y = Result, fill = Congener)) + geom_bar(stat = "identity") + facet_wrap(~ Catch_location) +
 labs(x = "Congener", y = "TEQ concentration (pg/g fat)") + theme_gray(base_size = 18) + coord_flip()
+temp2 <- temp[temp$Congener %in% levels(temp$Congener)[1:17],]
+ggplot(temp2, aes(x = Congener, y = Result, fill = Congener)) + geom_bar(stat = "identity") + facet_wrap(~ Catch_location) +
+  labs(
+    title="Dioxin concentrations in Baltic herring",
+    x = "Congener",
+    y = "TEQ concentration (pg/g fat)"
+  ) + theme_gray(base_size = 18) + coord_flip()
 </rcode>
@@ Line 57: / Line 67: @@
 === Calculations ===
+==== Preprocess ====
 * Preprocess model 22.2.2017 [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=p53h4gxtFfDMOtHz]
@@ Line 63: / Line 75: @@
 * Model run 22.5.2017 with new ovariables euRaw, euAll, euMain, and euRatio [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=7uTqQeaekwRFwA2J]
 * Model run 23.5.2017 with adjusted ovariables euRaw, eu, euRatio [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=qkseWM9rmRysGwKM]
+* Model run 11.10.2017: Small herring and Large herring added as new species [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=cVl6fTatRsE0DwiQ]
+* Model rerun 15.11.2017 because the previous stored run was lost in update [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=njuQREEjuMtY4MlQ]
+* Model run 21.3.2018: Small and large herring replaced by actual fish length [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=rzvSZKM7ekjDqEhu]
+* Model run 26.3.2018 eu2 moved here [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=XHZrJOwEdDwWGJQm]
+See an updated version of preprocess code for eu on [[Health effects of Baltic herring and salmon: a benefit-risk assessment#Code for estimating TEQ from chinese PCB7]]
 <rcode name="preprocess" label="Preprocess (for developers only)">
@@ Line 70: / Line 88: @@
 library(reshape2)
+# Divide herring into small and large (as new "species")
 euRaw <- Ovariable("euRaw", ddata = "Op_en3104", subset = "POPs")
+#euRaw <- EvalOutput(euRaw)
+#temp <- euRaw[euRaw$Fish_species == "Baltic herring" , ]
+#temp$Fish_species <- as.factor(
+#  ifelse(
+#    as.numeric(as.character(temp$Length_mean_mm)) >= 170,
+#    "Large herring",
+#    "Small herring"
+#  )
+#)
+#euRaw <- combine(euRaw, temp, name = "euRaw")
 # levels(TEF$Group)
 #[1] "Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins" "Chlorinated dibenzofurans"
 #[3] "Mono-ortho–substituted PCBs"   "Non-ortho–substituted PCBs"
+indexguide <- Ovariable(data=data.frame( # This is needed to make these indices marginals in eu (which is in long format).
+  Length = 1,
+  Year = 1,
+  Weight = 1,
+  Large = 1,
+  Result = 1
+))
 eu <- Ovariable(
    "eu",
    dependencies = data.frame(
-     Name=c("euRaw", "TEF"),
+     Name=c("euRaw", "TEF", "indexguide"),
-     Ident=c(NA,"Op_en4017/initiate")
+     Ident=c(NA,"Op_en4017/initiate", NA)
    ),
    formula = function(...) {
-     eu <- euRaw[,c(1:4, 18, 19)] # THL code, Matrix, Congener, Fish species
+    euRaw$Length<-as.numeric(as.character(euRaw$Length_mean_mm))
-     colnames(eu@output)[1:4] <- c("THLcode", "Matrix", "Compound", "Fish")
+    euRaw$Year <- as.numeric(substr(euRaw$Catch_date, nchar(as.character(euRaw$Catch_date))-3,100))
+    euRaw@marginal[colnames(euRaw@output) %in% c("Length","Year")] <- TRUE
+#    euRaw$Weight<-as.numeric(as.character(euRaw$Weight_mean_g))
+#    euRaw$Large <- euRaw$Length >= 170
+     eu <- euRaw[,c(1:4, 10, 20, 21, 18)] # See below + Length, Year, Result
+     colnames(eu@output)[1:5] <- c("THLcode", "Matrix", "Compound", "Fish", "N")
      temp <- oapply(eu * TEF, cols = "Compound", FUN = "sum")
      colnames(temp@output)[colnames(temp@output)=="Group"] <- "Compound"
      eu <- combine(eu, temp)
      eu$Compound <- factor( # Compound levels are ordered based on the data table on [[TEF]]
        eu$Compound,
@@ Line 98: / Line 142: @@
      return(eu)
    }
+)
+eu2 <- Ovariable(
+  "eu2",
+  dependencies=data.frame(Name="eu", Ident = NA),
+  formula = function(...) {
+replaces <- list(
+  c("Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins", "PCDDF"),
+  c("Chlorinated dibenzofurans", "PCDDF"),
+  c("Mono-ortho-substituted PCBs", "PCB"),
+  c("Non-ortho-substituted PCBs", "PCB")
+)
+eu2 <- eu
+for(i in 1:length(replaces)) {
+  levels(eu2$Compound)[levels(eu2$Compound)==replaces[[i]][1]] <- replaces[[i]][2]
+}
+eu2@marginal[colnames(eu2@output) %in% c("Length","Year")] <- TRUE # Indexguide should take care of this but it doesn't!
+eu2 <- unkeep(eu2, prevresults = TRUE, sources = TRUE)
+eu2 <- oapply(eu2, cols = "TEFversion", FUN = "sum") # Sums up dioxin+furan and non+monoortho. This goes wrong if > 1 TEFversion.
+return(eu2)
+}
 )
@@ Line 137: / Line 204: @@
 #[6] Roach          Perch          Pike           Pike-perch     Burbot
 #[11] Whitefish      Flounder       Bream          River lamprey  Cod
-#[16] Trout          Rainbow trout  Arctic char
+#[16] Trout          Rainbow trout  Arctic char   Small herring   Large herring
 indices <- list(
-   Compound.TEQ2 = c("TEQdx", "TEQpcb"),
+   Compound.TEQ2 = c("PCDDF", "PCB"),
-   Compound.PCDDF14 = as.character(unique(euRaw@data$POP)[c(1:12, 14, 15)]), # 7 OCDD should be removed
+   Compound.PCDDF14 = as.character(unique(euRaw$POP)[c(1:12, 14, 15)]), # 7 OCDD should be removed
-   Fish.Fish14 = as.character(unique(euRaw@data$Fish_species)[c(1:4, 6:14, 17)])
+   Fish.Fish16 = as.character(unique(euRaw$Fish_species)[c(1:4, 6:14, 17, 19, 20)])
 )
-# conl
+#> indices
-#[1] "2378TCDD"     "12378PeCDD"   "123478HCDD"   "123678HCDD"   "123789HCDD"
+#$Compound.TEQ2
-#[6] "1234678HpCDD" "OCDD"         "2378TCDF"     "12378PeCDF"   "23478PeCDF"
+#[1] "PCDDF" "PCB"
-#[11] "123478HCDF"   "123678HCDF"   "234678HCDF"   "1234678HpCDF"
+#
-#> fisl
+#$Compound.PCDDF14
-#[1] "Baltic herring" "Sprat"          "Salmon"         "Sea trout"
+# [1] "2378TCDD"     "12378PeCDD"   "123478HCDD"   "123678HCDD"   "123789HCDD"   "1234678HpCDD"
-#[5] "Roach"          "Perch"          "Pike"           "Pike-perch"
+# [7] "OCDD"         "2378TCDF"     "12378PeCDF"   "23478PeCDF"   "123478HCDF"   "123678HCDF"
-#[9] "Burbot"         "Whitefish"      "Flounder"       "Bream"
+#[13] "234678HCDF"   "1234678HpCDF"
-#[13] "River lamprey"  "Rainbow trout"
+#
+#$Fish.Fish16
+# [1] "Baltic herring" "Sprat"          "Salmon"         "Sea trout"      "Roach"
+# [6] "Perch"          "Pike"           "Pike-perch"     "Burbot"         "Whitefish"
+#[11] "Flounder"       "Bream"          "River lamprey"  "Rainbow trout"  "Small herring"
+#[16] "Large herring"
+#ggplot(euRaw@output, aes(x=Length, y=Weight))+geom_point()+
+#  facet_wrap(~Fish_species, scales="free")
-objects.store(euRaw, eu, euRatio, indices)
+#oprint(summary(
-cat("Ovariables euRaw, eu, and euRatio and list indices stored.\n")
+#  euRaw[euRaw$Fish_species %in% c("Baltic herring","Salmon") & euRaw$POP == "2378TCDD" , ],
+#  marginals=c("Catch_location","Large","Fish_species"),
+#  fun = "length"
+#))
+objects.store(euRaw, eu, eu2, euRatio, indices, indexguide)
+cat("Ovariables euRaw, eu, eu2, euRatio, and indexguide and list indices stored.\n")
 </rcode>
@@ Line 171: / Line 252: @@
 * Model run 22.5.2017 with TEQdx and TEQpcb as the only Compounds [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=2vTgALXXTzLgd4l1]
 * Model run 23.5.2017 debugged [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=rMSAZy6PSKzKhHwp] [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=1P7ZPBbghEfisEcH] [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=BcZDhfjpv3fa4IRU]
+* Model run 24.5.2017 TEQdx, TECpcb -> PCDDF, PCB [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=kNNzEMTSD4N2f0Yy]
+* Model run 11.10.2017 with small and large herring [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=ICIWZTUZR6rlNwuD] (removed in update)
+* Model run 12.3.2018: bugs fixed with data used in Bayes. In addition, redundant fish species removed and Omega assumed to be the same for herring and salmon. [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=k0n2CFnjdGBklm9E]
+* Model run 22.3.2018 [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=2jX2XxWpiIEZPyzJ] Model does not mix well. Thinning gives little help?
+* Model run 25.3.2018 with conc.param as ovariable [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=DbcmZJmuZ0h0vaGx]
 <rcode name="bayes" label="Sample Bayes model (for developers only)" graphics=1>
@@ Line 182: / Line 268: @@
 library(car) # scatterplotMatrix
-objects.latest("Op_en3104", code_name = "preprocess") # [[EU-kalat]] eu, euRatio, indices
+objects.latest("Op_en3104", code_name = "preprocess") # [[EU-kalat]] eu, eu2, euRatio, indices
-eu2 <- eu <- EvalOutput(eu)
 conl <- indices$Compound.TEQ2
-fisl <- indices$Fish.Fish14
+# fisl <- indices$Fish.Fish16
+# fisl <- c("Baltic herring","Large herring","Salmon","Small herring")
+fisl <- c("Baltic herring","Salmon")
 C <- length(conl)
 Fi <- length(fisl)
@@ Line 194: / Line 280: @@
 fisl
-replaces <- list(
+eu2 <- EvalOutput(eu2)
-  c("Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins", "TEQdx"),
-  c("Chlorinated dibenzofurans", "TEQdx"),
-  c("Mono-ortho-substituted PCBs", "TEQpcb"),
-  c("Non-ortho-substituted PCBs", "TEQpcb")
-)
-for(i in 1:length(replaces)) {
-  levels(eu2$Compound)[levels(eu2$Compound)==replaces[[i]][1]] <- replaces[[i]][2]
-}
-eu2 <- unkeep(eu2, prevresults = TRUE, sources = TRUE)
-eu2 <- oapply(eu2, cols = "TEFversion", FUN = "sum") # This goes wrong if > 1 TEFversion
 # Hierarchical Bayes model.
 # PCDD/F concentrations in fish.
-# It uses the TEQ sum of PCDD/F (TEQdx) as the total concentration
+# It uses the TEQ sum of PCDD/F (PCDDF) as the total concentration
-# of dioxin and TEQpcb respectively for PCB in fish.
+# of dioxin and PCB respectively for PCB in fish.
-# TEQdx depends on age of fish, fish species and catchment area,
+# PCDDF depends on size of fish, fish species, catchment time, and catchment area,
-# but we only have species now so other variables are omitted.
+# but we omit catchment area. In addition, we assume that size of fish has
-# cong depends on fish species.
+# zero effect for other fish than Baltic herring.
+# Catchment year affects all species similarly.
-eu3 <- eu2[eu2$Compound %in% conl & eu2$Fish %in% fisl & eu2$Matrix == "Muscle" , ]
+eu2 <- eu2[eu2$Compound %in% conl & eu2$Fish %in% fisl & eu2$Matrix == "Muscle" , ]
 eu3 <- reshape(
-   eu3@output,
+   eu2@output,
    v.names = "euResult",
-   idvar = "THLcode",
+   idvar = c("THLcode", "Fish"),
    timevar = "Compound",
    drop = c("Matrix"),
@@ Line 230: / Line 305: @@
 #> colnames(eu3)
-#[1] "THLcode"         "Fish"            "euResult.TEQdx"  "euResult.TEQpcb"
+#[1] "THLcode"        "Fish"           "N"              "Length"         "Year"
+#[6] "euResult.PCDDF" "euResult.PCB"
+conc <- data.matrix(eu3[6:ncol(eu3)])
-# Find the level of quantification for dinterval function
+if(FALSE){
-LOQ <- unlist(lapply(eu3[3:ncol(eu3)], FUN = function(x) min(x[x!=0])))
+  # Find the level of quantification for dinterval function
-names(LOQ) <- conl
+  LOQ <- unlist(lapply(eu3[6:ncol(eu3)], FUN = function(x) min(x[x!=0])))
-cong <- data.matrix(eu3[3:ncol(eu3)])
+  # With TEQ, there are no zeros. So this is useful only if there are congener-specific results.
-cong <- sapply(
+  names(LOQ) <- conl
-:length(LOQ),
-  FUN = function(x) ifelse(cong[,x]==0, 0.5*LOQ[x], cong[,x])
-)
+  conc <- sapply(
+:length(LOQ),
+    FUN = function(x) ifelse(conc[,x]==0, 0.5*LOQ[x], conc[,x])
+  )
+}
+# This version of the model looks only at Baltic herring and salmon.
+# It assumes that all fish groups have the same Omega but mu varies.
-mod <- textConnection("
+mod <- textConnection(
+  "
    model{
-   for(i in 1:S) { # s = fish sample
+   for(i in 1:S) { # S = fish sample
-    #        below.LOQ[i,j] ~ dinterval(-cong[i,j], -LOQ[j])
+  #        below.LOQ[i,j] ~ dinterval(-conc[i,j], -LOQ[j])
-    cong[i,1:C] ~ dmnorm(mu[fis[i],], Omega[fis[i],,])
+  conc[i,1:C] ~ dmnorm(muind[i,], Omega[fis[i],,])
+  muind[i,1:C] <- mu[fis[i],1:C] + lenp[fis[i]]*length[i] + timep*year[i]
    }
+  # Priors for parameters
+  # Time trend. Assumed a known constant because at the moment there is little time variation in data.
+  # https://www.evira.fi/elintarvikkeet/ajankohtaista/2018/itameren-silakoissa-yha-vahemman-ymparistomyrkkyja---paastojen-rajoitukset-vaikuttavat/
+  # PCDDF/PCB-concentations 2001: 9 pg/g fw, 2016: 3.5 pg/g fw. (3.5/9)^(1/15)-1=-0.06102282
+  timep ~ dnorm(-0.0610, 10000)
+  lenp[1] ~ dnorm(0.01,0.01) # length parameter for herring
+  lenp[2] ~ dnorm(0,10000) # length parameter for salmon: assumed zero
    for(i in 1:Fi) { # Fi = fish species
-    for(j in 1:C) {
+  Omega[i,1:C,1:C] ~ dwish(Omega0[1:C,1:C],S)
-      mu[i,j] ~ dnorm(mu1[j], tau1[j])
+  pred[i,1:C] ~ dmnorm(mu[i,1:C]+lenp[i]*lenpred+timep*timepred, Omega[i,,]) # Model prediction.
-    }
+  for(j in 1:C) {
-    Omega[i,1:C,1:C] ~ dwish(Omega0[1:C,1:C],S)
+  mu[i,j] ~ dnorm(0, 0.0001) # mu1[j], tau1[j]) # Congener-specific mean for fishes
-    pred[i,1:C] ~ dmnorm(mu[i,], Omega[i,,]) # Model prediction
    }
-  for(i in 1:C) { # C = Compound
-    mu1[i] ~ dnorm(0, 0.0001)
-    tau1[i] ~ dunif(0,10000)
-    pred1[i] ~ dnorm(mu1[i], tau1[i])
    }
-  Omega1[1:C,1:C] ~ dwish(Omega0[1:C,1:C],S)
    }
-")
+  ")
 jags <- jags.model(
@@ Line 269: / Line 358: @@
      C = C,
      Fi = Fi,
-     cong = log(cong),
+     conc = log(conc),
+    length = eu3$Length-170, # Subtract average herring size
+    year = eu3$Year-2009, # Substract baseline year
      fis = match(eu3$Fish, fisl),
+    lenpred = 233-170,
+    timepred = 2009-2009,
      Omega0 = diag(C)/100000
    ),
@@ Line 277: / Line 370: @@
 )
-update(jags, 100)
+update(jags, 1000)
 samps.j <- jags.samples(
@@ Line 283: / Line 376: @@
    c(
      'mu', # mean by fish and compound
-     'Omega', # precision matrix by fish and compound
+     'Omega', # precision matrix by compound
-     'pred', # predicted concentration by fish and compound
+     'lenp',# parameters for length
-    #    'mu1', # mean prior for mu by compound
+     'timep', # parameter for Year
-     'Omega1', # precision matrix by compound
+     'pred' # predicted concentration for year 2009 and length 17 cm
-    #    'tau1', # precision for prior of all mu
-     'pred1' # predicted concentration by compound
    ),
+  #  thin=1000,
    N
 )
+dimnames(samps.j$Omega) <- list(Fish = fisl, Compound = conl, Compound2 = conl, Iter=1:N, Chain=1:4)
 dimnames(samps.j$mu) <- list(Fish = fisl, Compound = conl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
-#dimnames(samps.j$mu1) <- list(Compound = conl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
+dimnames(samps.j$lenp) <- list(Fish = fisl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
 dimnames(samps.j$pred) <- list(Fish = fisl, Compound = conl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
-#dimnames(samps.j$tau1) <- list(Compound = conl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
+dimnames(samps.j$timep) <- list(Dummy = "time", Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
-dimnames(samps.j$pred1) <- list(Compound = conl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
-dimnames(samps.j$Omega) <- list(Fish = fisl, Compound = conl, Compound2 = conl, Iter=1:N, Chain=1:4)
-dimnames(samps.j$Omega1) <- list(Compound = conl, Compound2 = conl, Iter=1:N, Chain=1:4)
 ##### conc.param contains expected values of the distribution parameters from the model
-conc.param <- list(
-   mu = apply(samps.j$mu[,,,1], MARGIN = 1:2, FUN = mean),
+conc.param <- Ovariable(
-  Omega = apply(samps.j$Omega[,,,,1], MARGIN = 1:3, FUN = mean),
+   "conc.param",
-  pred.mean = apply(samps.j$pred[,,,1], MARGIN = 1:2, FUN = mean),
+  dependencies = data.frame(Name = "samps.j", Ident=NA),
-  pred.sd = apply(samps.j$pred[,,,1], MARGIN = 1:2, FUN = sd),
+  formula = function(...) {
-  #  mu1 = apply(samps.j$mu1[,,1], MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
+    conc.param <- list(
-  #  tau1 = apply(samps.j$tau1[,,1], MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
+      Omega = apply(samps.j$Omega, MARGIN = 1:3, FUN = mean),
-  pred1.mean = apply(samps.j$pred1[,,1], MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
+      lenp = cbind(
-  pred1.sd = apply(samps.j$pred1[,,1], MARGIN = 1, FUN = sd)
+        mean = apply(samps.j$lenp, MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
+        sd = apply(samps.j$lenp, MARGIN = 1, FUN = sd)
+      ),
+      mu = apply(samps.j$mu, MARGIN = 1:2, FUN = mean),
+      timep = cbind(
+        mean = apply(samps.j$timep, MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
+        sd = apply(samps.j$timep, MARGIN = 1, FUN = sd)
+      )
+    )
+    names(dimnames(conc.param$lenp)) <- c("Fish","Metaparam")
+    names(dimnames(conc.param$timep)) <- c("Dummy","Metaparam")
+    conc.param <- melt(conc.param)
+    colnames(conc.param)[colnames(conc.param)=="value"] <- "Result"
+    colnames(conc.param)[colnames(conc.param)=="L1"] <- "Parameter"
+    conc.param$Dummy <- NULL
+    conc.param$Metaparam <- ifelse(is.na(conc.param$Metaparam), conc.param$Parameter, as.character(conc.param$Metaparam))
+    return(Ovariable(output=conc.param, marginal=colnames(conc.param)!="Result"))
+  }
 )
 objects.store(conc.param, samps.j)
@@ Line 321: / Line 427: @@
 # Leave only the main fish species and congeners and remove others
-conl <- indices$Compound.PCDDF14
-eu <- eu[eu$Compound %in% conl & eu$Fish %in% fisl , ]
-oprint(summary(
+#oprint(summary(
-  eu,
+#  eu2[eu2$Compound %in% indices$Compound.PCDDF14 & eu$Fish %in% fisl , ],
-  marginals = c("Fish", "Compound"), # Matrix is always 'Muscle'
+#  marginals = c("Fish", "Compound"), # Matrix is always 'Muscle'
-  function_names = c("mean", "sd")
+#  function_names = c("mean", "sd")
-))
+#))
+ggplot(eu2@output, aes(x = euResult, colour=Compound))+stat_ecdf()+
+  facet_wrap( ~ Fish)+scale_x_log10()
+ggplot(eu2@output,
+       aes(x = Length, y = euResult, colour=Compound))+geom_point()+
+  facet_grid(Compound ~ Fish, scale="free_x")+scale_y_log10()
+scatterplotMatrix(t(exp(samps.j$pred[1,,,1])), main = "Predictions for all compounds for Baltic herring")
+scatterplotMatrix(t(exp(samps.j$pred[,1,,1])), main = "Predictions for all fish species for PCDDF")
+scatterplotMatrix(t(samps.j$Omega[,1,1,,1]))
+#scatterplotMatrix(t(cbind(samps.j$Omega[1,1,1,,1],samps.j$mu[1,1,,1])))
+plot(coda.samples(jags, 'Omega', N))
+plot(coda.samples(jags, 'mu', N))
+plot(coda.samples(jags, 'lenp', N))
+plot(coda.samples(jags, 'timep', N))
+plot(coda.samples(jags, 'pred', N))
+</rcode>
+==== Initiate conc_pcddf for PFAS disease burden study ====
+===== Initiate euw data.frame =====
+This code is similar to preprocess but is better and includes PFAS concentrations from [[:op_fi:PFAS-yhdisteiden tautitaakka]]. It produces data.frame euw that is the EU-kalat + PFAS data in wide format and, for PFAS but not EU-kalat, a sampled value for measurements below the level of quantification.
+<rcode name="preprocess2" label="Preprocess and initiate data.frame euw (for developers only)" embed=1>
+# This is code Op_en3104/preprocess2 on page [[EU-kalat]]
+library(OpasnetUtils)
+library(ggplot2)
+library(reshape2)
+openv.setN(1)
+opts = options(stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
+euRaw <- Ovariable("euRaw", ddata = "Op_en3104", subset = "POPs") # [[EU-kalat]]
+eu <- Ovariable(
+  "eu",
+  dependencies = data.frame(
+    Name=c("euRaw", "TEF"),
+    Ident=c(NA,"Op_en4017/initiate")
+  ),
+  formula = function(...) {
+    out <- euRaw
+    out$Length<-as.numeric(as.character(out$Length_mean_mm))
+    out$Year <- as.numeric(substr(out$Catch_date, nchar(as.character(out$Catch_date))-3,100))
+    out$Weight<-as.numeric(as.character(out$Weight_mean_g))
+    out <- out[,c(1:6, 8: 10, 14:17, 19:22, 18)] # See below
+    #[1] "ﮮTHL_code"             "Matrix"                "POP"                   "Fish_species"
+    #[5] "Catch_site"            "Catch_location"        "Catch_season"          "Catch_square"
+    #[9] "N_individuals"         "Sex"                   "Age"                   "Fat_percentage"
+    #[13] "Dry_matter_percentage" "euRawSource"           "Length"                "Year"
+    #[17] "Weight"                "euRawResult"
+    colnames(out@output)[1:13] <- c("THLcode", "Matrix", "Compound", "Fish", "Site", "Location", "Season",
+                                   "Square","N","Sex","Age","Fat","Dry_matter")
+    out@marginal <- colnames(out)!="euRawResult"
+    tmp <- oapply(out * TEF, cols = "Compound", FUN = "sum")
+    colnames(tmp@output)[colnames(tmp@output)=="Group"] <- "Compound"
+    # levels(tmp$Compound)
+    # [1] "Chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins" "Chlorinated dibenzofurans"     "Mono-ortho-substituted PCBs"
+    # [4] "Non-ortho-substituted PCBs"
+    levels(tmp$Compound) <- c("PCDD","PCDF","moPCB","noPCB")
+    out <- OpasnetUtils::combine(out, tmp)
+    out$Compound <- factor( # Compound levels are ordered based on the data table on [[TEF]]
+      out$Compound,
+      levels = unique(c(levels(TEF$Compound), unique(out$Compound)))
+    )
+    out$Compound <- out$Compound[,drop=TRUE]
+    return(out)
+  }
+)
+eu <- EvalOutput(eu)
+euw <- reshape(
+  eu@output,
+  v.names = "euResult",
+  idvar = c("THLcode", "Matrix", "Fish"), # , "Site","Location","Season","Square","N","Sex","Age","Fat", "Dry_matter","Length","Year","Weight"
+  timevar = "Compound",
+  drop = c("euRawSource","TEFversion","TEFrawSource","TEFSource","Source","euSource"),
+  direction = "wide"
+)
+colnames(euw) <- gsub("euResult\\.","",colnames(euw))
+euw$PCDDF <- euw$PCDD + euw$PCDF
+euw$PCB <- euw$noPCB + euw$moPCB
+euw$TEQ <- euw$PCDDF + euw$PCB
+euw$PFOA <- euw$PFOA / 1000 # pg/g --> ng/g
+euw$PFOS <- euw$PFOS / 1000 # pg/g --> ng/g
+euw$PFAS <- euw$PFOA + euw$PFOS
+#################### PFAS measurements from Porvoo
+conc_pfas_raw <- EvalOutput(Ovariable(
+  "conc_pfas_raw",
+  data=opbase.data("Op_fi5932", subset="PFAS concentrations"), # [[PFAS-yhdisteiden tautitaakka]]
+  unit="ng/g f.w.")
+)@output
+conc_pfas_raw <- reshape(conc_pfas_raw,
+                         v.names="conc_pfas_rawResult",
+                         timevar="Compound",
+                         idvar=c("Obs","Fish"),
+                         drop="conc_pfas_rawSource",
+                         direction="wide")
+colnames(conc_pfas_raw) <- gsub("conc_pfas_rawResult\\.","",colnames(conc_pfas_raw))
+conc_pfas_raw <- within(conc_pfas_raw, PFAS <- PFOS + PFHxS + PFOA + PFNA)
+conc_pfas_raw$Obs <- NULL
+euw <- orbind(euw, conc_pfas_raw)
+objects.store(euw)
+cat("Data.frame euw stored.\n")
+</rcode>
+===== Initiate conc_param using Bayesian approach =====
+Bayesian approach for PCDDF, PCB, OT, PFAS.
+* Model run 2021-03-08 [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=ZvJDOo7xL8d7x7EI]
+* Model run 2021-03-08 [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=VpSUS4pfGavspLG9] with the fish needed in PFAS assessment
+* Model run 2021-03-12 [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=Lc9KWY7r1tTuGWVD] using euw
+* Model run 2021-03-13 [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=pTiMHkD4Lq0EdLab] with location parameter for PFAS
+* Model run 2021-03-17 [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=Mrko9rrynNRELP07] location parameter not plotted because problems with older R version in Opasnet.
+<rcode name="pollutant_bayes" label="Initiate conc_param with PCDDF, PFAS, OT (for developers only)" embed=0 graphics=1>
+# This is code Op_en3104/pollutant_bayes on page [[EU-kalat]]
+# The code is also available at https://github.com/jtuomist/pfas/blob/main/conc_pcddf_preprocess.R
+library(OpasnetUtils)
+library(reshape2)
+library(rjags) # JAGS
+library(ggplot2)
+library(MASS) # mvrnorm
+library(car) # scatterplotMatrix
+#' Find the level of quantification for dinterval function
+#' @param df data.frame
+#' @return data.matrix
+add_loq <- function(df) { # This should reflect the fraction of observations below LOQ.
+  LOQ <- unlist(lapply(df, FUN = function(x) min(x[x!=0], na.rm=TRUE)))
+  out <- sapply(
+:length(LOQ),
+    FUN = function(x) ifelse(df[,x]==0, 0.5*LOQ[x], df[,x])
+  )
+  out <- data.matrix(out)
+  return(out)
+}
+#size <- Ovariable("size", ddata="Op_en7748", subset="Size distribution of fish species")
+#time <- Ovariable("time", data = data.frame(Result=2015))
+objects.latest("Op_en3104", code_name = "preprocess2") # [[EU-kalat]] euw
+# Hierarchical Bayes model.
+# PCDD/F concentrations in fish.
+# It uses the TEQ sum of PCDD/F (PCDDF) as the total concentration
+# of dioxin and PCB respectively for PCB in fish.
+# PCDDF depends on size of fish, fish species, catchment time, and catchment area,
+# but we omit catchment area. In addition, we assume that size of fish has
+# zero effect for other fish than Baltic herring.
+# Catchment year affects all species similarly.
+eu3 <- euw[!colnames(euw) %in% c("MPhT","DOT","BDE138")] # No values > 0
+eu3 <- eu3[eu3$Matrix == "Muscle" , ]
+eu3$Locat <- ifelse(eu3$Location=="Porvoo",2,
+                       ifelse(eu3$Location=="Helsinki, Vanhankaupunginlahti Bay",3,1))
+locl <- c("Finland","Porvoo","Helsinki")
+#conl_nd <- c("PFAS","PFOA","PFOS","DBT","MBT","TBT","DPhT","TPhT")
+conl_nd <- c("PFAS","PFOS") # TBT would drop Porvoo measurements
+fisl <- fisl_nd <- c("Baltic herring","Bream","Flounder","Perch","Roach","Salmon","Whitefish")
+eu4 <- eu3[rowSums(is.na(eu3[conl_nd]))<length(conl_nd) & eu3$Fish %in% fisl_nd ,
+           c(1:5,match(c("Locat",conl_nd),colnames(eu3)))]
+conc_nd <- add_loq(eu4[conl_nd])
-euRatio <- EvalOutput(euRatio)
+conl <- c("TEQ","PCDDF","PCB") # setdiff(colnames(eu3)[-(1:5)], conl_nd)
+eu3 <- eu3[!is.na(eu3$PCDDF) & eu3$Fish %in% fisl , c(1:5, match(conl,colnames(eu3)))]
-oprint(summary(
+oprint(head(eu3))
-  euRatio,
+oprint(head(eu4))
-  marginals = c("Fish", "Compound"), # Matrix is always 'Muscle'
-  function_names = c("mean", "sd")
-))
-ggplot(eu@output, aes(x = euResult, colour=Compound))+geom_density()+
+C <- length(conl)
-  facet_wrap( ~ Fish, scales = "free_y")+scale_x_log10()
+Fi <- length(fisl)
-#stat_ellipse()
+N <- 200
+thin <- 100
+conl
+fisl
+conl_nd
+fisl_nd
-ggplot(euRatio@output, aes(x = euRatioResult, colour = Compound))+geom_density()+
+eu3 <- eu3[rowSums(is.na(eu3))==0,]
-  facet_wrap(~ Fish, scales = "free_y")
+conc <- add_loq(eu3[conl]) # Remove rows with missing data.
-ggplot(melt(exp(samps.j$pred[,,,1])), aes(x=value, colour=Compound))+geom_density()+
+# The model assumes that all fish groups have the same Omega but mu varies.
-  facet_wrap( ~ Fish,scales = "free_y")+scale_x_log10()
-ggplot(melt(exp(samps.j$pred1[,,1])), aes(x=value, colour=Compound))+geom_density()+
+mod <- textConnection(
-   scale_x_log10()
+  "
+  model{
+    for(i in 1:S) { # S = fish sample
+      #        below.LOQ[i,j] ~ dinterval(-conc[i,j], -LOQ[j])
+      conc[i,1:C] ~ dmnorm(muind[i,], Omega[fis[i],,])
+      muind[i,1:C] <- mu[fis[i],1:C] #+ lenp[fis[i]]*length[i] + timep*year[i]
+    }
+    for(i in 1:S_nd) {
+      for(j in 1:C_nd) {
+        conc_nd[i,j] ~ dnorm(muind_nd[i,j], tau_nd[j])
+        muind_nd[i,j] <- mu_nd[fis_nd[i],j] + mulocat[locat[i]] #+ lenp[fis[i]]*length[i] + timep*year[i]
+      }
+    }
+    # Priors for parameters
+    # Time trend. Assumed a known constant because at the moment there is little time variation in data.
+    # https://www.evira.fi/elintarvikkeet/ajankohtaista/2018/itameren-silakoissa-yha-vahemman-ymparistomyrkkyja---paastojen-rajoitukset-vaikuttavat/
+    # PCDDF/PCB-concentations 2001: 9 pg/g fw, 2016: 3.5 pg/g fw. (3.5/9)^(1/15)-1=-0.06102282
+  #  timep ~ dnorm(-0.0610, 10000)
+  #  lenp[1] ~ dnorm(0.01,0.01) # length parameter for herring
+  #  lenp[2] ~ dnorm(0,10000) # length parameter for salmon: assumed zero
+    for(i in 1:Fi) { # Fi = fish species
+      Omega[i,1:C,1:C] ~ dwish(Omega0[1:C,1:C],S)
+      pred[i,1:C] ~ dmnorm(mu[i,1:C], Omega[i,,]) #+lenp[i]*lenpred+timep*timepred, Omega[i,,]) # Model prediction.
+      for(j in 1:C) {
+        mu[i,j] ~ dnorm(0, 0.0001) # mu1[j], tau1[j]) # Congener-specific mean for fishes
+      }
+    }
+    # Non-dioxins
+    mulocat[1] <- 0
+    mulocat[2] ~ dnorm(0,0.001)
+    mulocat[3] ~ dnorm(0,0.001)
+    for(j in 1:C_nd) {
+      tau_nd[j] ~ dgamma(0.001,0.001)
+      for(i in 1:Fi_nd) { # Fi = fish species
+        pred_nd[i,j] ~ dnorm(mu[i,j], tau_nd[j])
+        mu_nd[i,j] ~ dnorm(0, 0.0001)
+      }
+    }
+   }
+")
+jags <- jags.model(
+  mod,
+  data = list(
+    S = nrow(conc),
+    S_nd = nrow(conc_nd),
+    C = C,
+    C_nd = ncol(conc_nd),
+    Fi = Fi,
+    Fi_nd = length(fisl_nd),
+    conc = log(conc),
+    conc_nd = log(conc_nd),
+    locat = eu4$Locat,
+    #    length = eu3$Length-170, # Subtract average herring size
+    #    year = eu3$Year-2009, # Substract baseline year
+    fis = match(eu3$Fish, fisl),
+    fis_nd = match(eu4$Fish, fisl_nd),
+    #    lenpred = 233-170,
+    #    timepred = 2009-2009,
+    Omega0 = diag(C)/100000
+  ),
+  n.chains = 4,
+  n.adapt = 200
+)
-scatterplotMatrix(t(samps.j$pred[1,,,1]), main = "Predictions for all compounds for Baltic herring")
+update(jags, 1000)
-## scatterplotMatrix(t(samps.j$mu1[,,1]), main = "Means for all compounds of the generic fish")
-scatterplotMatrix(t(samps.j$pred1[,,1]), main = "Prediction for all compounds of the generic fish")
-scatterplotMatrix(t(samps.j$pred[,1,,1]), main = "Predictions for all fish species for TEQdx")
-scatterplotMatrix(t(samps.j$Omega[6,2,,,1]), main = "Predictions of Omega for pike and TEQpcb")
-coda.j <- coda.samples(
+samps.j <- jags.samples(
    jags,
-   c('mu', 'pred', 'Omega', 'pred1'),
+   c(
-   N
+    'mu', # mean by fish and compound
+    'Omega', # precision matrix by compound
+    #    'lenp',# parameters for length
+    #    'timep', # parameter for Year
+    'pred', # predicted concentration for year 2009 and length 17 cm
+    'pred_nd',
+    'mu_nd',
+    'tau_nd',
+    'mulocat'
+  ),
+  thin=thin,
+  N*thin
+)
+dimnames(samps.j$Omega) <- list(Fish = fisl, Compound = conl, Compound2 = conl, Iter=1:N, Chain=1:4)
+dimnames(samps.j$mu) <- list(Fish = fisl, Compound = conl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
+#dimnames(samps.j$lenp) <- list(Fish = fisl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
+dimnames(samps.j$pred) <- list(Fish = fisl, Compound = conl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
+dimnames(samps.j$pred_nd) <- list(Fish = fisl_nd, Compound = conl_nd, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
+dimnames(samps.j$mu_nd) <- list(Fish = fisl_nd, Compound = conl_nd, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
+dimnames(samps.j$tau_nd) <- list(Compound = conl_nd, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
+#dimnames(samps.j$timep) <- list(Dummy = "time", Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
+dimnames(samps.j$mulocat) <- list(Area = locl, Iter = 1:N, Chain = 1:4)
+##### conc_param contains expected values of the distribution parameters from the model
+conc_param <- list(
+  Omega = apply(samps.j$Omega, MARGIN = 1:3, FUN = mean),
+  #      lenp = cbind(
+  #        mean = apply(samps.j$lenp, MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
+  #        sd = apply(samps.j$lenp, MARGIN = 1, FUN = sd)
+  #      ),
+  mu = apply(samps.j$mu, MARGIN = 1:2, FUN = mean),
+  #      timep = cbind(
+  #        mean = apply(samps.j$timep, MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
+  #        sd = apply(samps.j$timep, MARGIN = 1, FUN = sd)
+  #      )
+  mu_nd =  apply(samps.j$mu_nd, MARGIN = 1:2, FUN = mean),
+  tau_nd =  apply(samps.j$tau_nd, MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean),
+  mulocat = apply(samps.j$mulocat, MARGIN = 1, FUN = mean)
+)
+#    names(dimnames(conc_param$lenp)) <- c("Fish","Metaparam")
+#    names(dimnames(conc_param$timep)) <- c("Dummy","Metaparam")
+conc_param <- melt(conc_param)
+colnames(conc_param)[colnames(conc_param)=="value"] <- "Result"
+colnames(conc_param)[colnames(conc_param)=="L1"] <- "Parameter"
+conc_param$Compound[conc_param$Parameter =="tau_nd"] <- conl_nd # drops out because one-dimensional
+conc_param$Area[conc_param$Parameter =="mulocat"] <- locl # drops out because one-dimensional
+conc_param <- fillna(conc_param,c("Fish","Area"))
+for(i in 1:ncol(conc_param)) {
+  if("factor" %in% class(conc_param[[i]])) conc_param[[i]] <- as.character(conc_param[[i]])
+}
+conc_param <- Ovariable("conc_param",data=conc_param)
+objects.store(conc_param)
+cat("Ovariable conc_param stored.\n")
+######################3
+cat("Descriptive statistics:\n")
+# Leave only the main fish species and congeners and remove others
+#oprint(summary(
+#  eu2[eu2$Compound %in% indices$Compound.PCDDF14 & eu$Fish %in% fisl , ],
+#  marginals = c("Fish", "Compound"), # Matrix is always 'Muscle'
+#  function_names = c("mean", "sd")
+#))
+#tmp <- euw[euw$Compound %in% c("PCDDF","PCB","BDE153","PBB153","PFOA","PFOS","DBT","MBT","TBT"),]
+#ggplot(tmp, aes(x = eu2Result, colour=Fish))+stat_ecdf()+
+#  facet_wrap( ~ Compound, scales="free_x")+scale_x_log10()
+dimnames(samps.j$mulocat)
+scatterplotMatrix(t(exp(samps.j$pred[2,,,1])), main = paste("Predictions for several compounds for",
+                                                            names(samps.j$pred[,1,1,1])[2]))
+scatterplotMatrix(t(exp(samps.j$pred[,1,,1])), main = paste("Predictions for all fish species for",
+                                                            names(samps.j$pred[1,,1,1])[1]))
+scatterplotMatrix(t(samps.j$Omega[2,,1,,1]), main = "Omega for several compounds in Baltic herring")
+scatterplotMatrix(t((samps.j$pred_nd[1,,,1])), main = paste("Predictions for several compounds for",
+                                                            names(samps.j$pred_nd[,1,1,1])[1]))
+#scatterplotMatrix(t((samps.j$mulocat[,,1])), main = paste("Predictions for location average difference",
+#                                                            names(samps.j$pred_nd[,1,1,1])[1]))
+#plot(coda.samples(jags, 'Omega', N))
+plot(coda.samples(jags, 'mu', N*thin, thin))
+#plot(coda.samples(jags, 'lenp', N))
+#plot(coda.samples(jags, 'timep', N))
+plot(coda.samples(jags, 'pred', N*thin, thin))
+plot(coda.samples(jags, 'mu_nd', N*thin, thin))
+plot(coda.samples(jags, 'mulocat', N*thin, thin))
+tst <- (coda.samples(jags, 'pred', N))
+</rcode>
+===== Initiate conc_poll=====
+<rcode name="conc_poll" label="Initiate conc_poll" embed=1>
+#This is code Op_en3104/conc_poll on page [[EU-kalat]]
+library(OpasnetUtils)
+conc_poll <- Ovariable(
+  "conc_poll",
+  dependencies = data.frame(
+    Name=c("conc_param"), #,"lengt","time"),
+    Ident=c("Op_en3104/pollutant_bayes")#,NA,NA)
+  ),
+  formula=function(...) {
+    require(MASS)
+    tmp1 <- conc_param + Ovariable(data=data.frame(Result="0-1")) # Ensures Iter #  lengt + time +
+    tmp2 <- unique(tmp1@output[setdiff(
+      colnames(tmp1@output)[tmp1@marginal],
+      c("Compound","Compound2","Metaparam","Parameter")
+    )])
+    tmp2$Row <- 1:nrow(tmp2)
+    tmp3 <- merge(tmp2,tmp1@output)
+    out <- data.frame()
+    for(i in 1:nrow(tmp2)) {
+      ############## PCDDF (with multivariate mvnorm)
+      tmp <- tmp3[tmp3$Row == i , ]
+      Omega <- solve(tapply(
+        tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="Omega"],
+        tmp[tmp$Parameter=="Omega", c("Compound","Compound2")],
+        sum # Equal to identity because only 1 row per cell.
+      )) # Precision matrix
+      con <- names(Omega[,1])
+      mu <- tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="mu"][match(con,tmp$Compound[tmp$Parameter=="mu"])] # + # baseline
+#        rnorm(1,
+#              tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="lenp" & tmp$Metaparam=="mean"][1],
+#              tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="lenp" & tmp$Metaparam=="sd"][1]
+#        ) * (tmp$lengtResult[1]-170) + # lengt
+#        rnorm(1,
+#              tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="timep" & tmp$Metaparam=="mean"][1],
+#              tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="timep" & tmp$Metaparam=="sd"][1]
+#        )* (tmp$timeResult[1]-2009) # time
+      rnd <- exp(mvrnorm(1, mu, Omega))
+      out <- rbind(out, merge(tmp2[i,], data.frame(Compound=con,Result=rnd)))
+      #################### PFAS etc (with univariate norm)
+      con <- tmp$Compound[tmp$Parameter=="mu_nd"]
+      mu <- tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="mu_nd"]
+      tau <- tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="tau_nd"][match(con,tmp$Compound[tmp$Parameter=="tau_nd"])]
+      mulocat <- tmp$conc_paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="mulocat"]
+      for(j in 1:length(con)) {
+        rnd <- exp(rnorm(1 , mu[j] + mulocat , tau[j]))
+        out <- rbind(out,
+                     data.frame(tmp2[i,],Compound = con[j],Result = rnd)
+                     )
+      }
+    }
+    out$Row <- NULL
+#    temp <- aggregate(
+#      out["Result"],
+#      by=out[setdiff(colnames(out), c("Result","Compound"))],
+#      FUN=sum
+#    )
+#    temp$Compound <- "TEQ"
+    out <- Ovariable(
+      output = out, # rbind(out, temp),
+      marginal = colnames(out) != "Result"
+    )
+    return(out)
+   }
 )
-plot(coda.j)
+objects.store(conc_poll)
+cat("Ovariable conc_poll stored.\n")
 </rcode>
-'''Initiate concentration
+==== Initiate conc_pcddf for Goherr ====
 * Model run 19.5.2017 [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=ystfGN6yfNwWNfnq]
+* Model run 23.5.2017 with bugs fixed [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=8iYF4GXFO9bUnld4]
+* Model run 12.10.2017: TEQ calculation added [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=3WLbMeiZfbvo10ko]
+* Model rerun 15.11.2017 because the previous stored run was lost in update [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=1Pq6y6l1WsKJEmjY]
+* 12.3.2018 adjusted to match the same Omega for all fish species [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=KwbJ1pUP98De8Gzc]
+* 26.3.2018 includes length and time as parameters, lengt ovariable initiated here [http://en.opasnet.org/en-opwiki/index.php?title=Special:RTools&id=MV1xrtP9i6JuN7Tn]
-<rcode name="initiate" label="Initiate concentration (for developers only)">
+<rcode name="initiate" label="Initiate conc_pcddf (for developers only)" embed=1>
 # This is code Op_en3104/initiate on page [[EU-kalat]]
 library(OpasnetUtils)
-concentration <- Ovariable(
+lengt <- Ovariable(
-   "concentration",
+   "lengt",
-   dependencies = data.frame(Name = "conc.param", Ident = "Op_en3104/bayes"),
+   dependencies=data.frame(Name="size",Ident=NA),
    formula = function(...) {
-     jsp <- lapply(
+     size$Lower <- as.numeric(as.character(size$Lower))
-:length(conc.param$mu[,1]),
+    rep <- unique(size@output[
-       FUN = function(x) {
+       colnames(size@output)!="Lower" & size@marginal
-         temp <- exp(mvrnorm(openv$N, conc.param$mu[x,], conc.param$Omega[x,,]))
+      ])
-         dimnames(temp) <- c(list(Iter = 1:openv$N), dimnames(conc.param$mu)[2])
+    out <- data.frame()
-        return(temp)
+    name <- paste(size@name, "Result", sep="")
+    for(j in 1:nrow(rep)) {
+      siz <- numeric()
+      tmp <- merge(rep[j,,drop=FALSE], size@output)
+      tmp <- tmp[order(tmp$Lower),]
+      num <- tmp[[name]]/sum(tmp[[name]])
+       for(i in 1:(nrow(tmp)-1)) { # Pick at random from each bin
+         siz <- c(siz,runif(
+          openv$N,
+          tmp$Lower[i],
+          tmp$Lower[i+1]
+         )[1:ceiling(num[i]*openv$N)])
        }
+      out <- rbind(out, cbind(
+        rep[j,,drop=FALSE],
+        Iter=1:openv$N,
+        Result=sample(siz, openv$N) # Take fixed amount and shuffle
+      ))
+    }
+    return(Ovariable(output=out, marginal=!grepl("Result", colnames(out))))
+  }
+)
+conc_pcddf <- Ovariable(
+  "conc_pcddf",
+  dependencies = data.frame(
+    Name=c("conc.param","lengt","time"),
+    Ident=c("Op_en3104/bayes",NA,NA)
+  ),
+  formula=function(...) {
+    require(MASS)
+    tmp1 <- lengt + time + conc.param + Ovariable(data=data.frame(Result="0-1")) # Ensures Iter
+    tmp2 <- unique(tmp1@output[setdiff(
+      colnames(tmp1@output)[tmp1@marginal],
+      c("Compound","Compound2","Metaparam","Parameter")
+    )])
+    tmp2$Row <- 1:nrow(tmp2)
+    tmp3 <- merge(tmp2,tmp1@output)
+    out <- data.frame()
+    con <- levels(tmp1$Compound)
+    for(i in 1:nrow(tmp2)) {
+      tmp <- tmp3[tmp3$Row == i , ]
+      mu <- tmp$conc.paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="mu"][match(con,tmp$Compound[tmp$Parameter=="mu"])] + # baseline
+        rnorm(1,
+          tmp$conc.paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="lenp" & tmp$Metaparam=="mean"][1],
+          tmp$conc.paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="lenp" & tmp$Metaparam=="sd"][1]
+        )* (tmp$lengtResult[1]-170) + # lengt
+        rnorm(1,
+          tmp$conc.paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="timep" & tmp$Metaparam=="mean"][1],
+          tmp$conc.paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="timep" & tmp$Metaparam=="sd"][1]
+        )* (tmp$timeResult[1]-2009) # time
+      Omega <- solve(tapply( # Is it sure that PCDDF and PCB are not mixed to wrong order?
+        tmp$conc.paramResult[tmp$Parameter=="Omega"],
+        tmp[tmp$Parameter=="Omega", c("Compound","Compound2")],
+        sum # Equal to identity because only 1 row per cell.
+      )) # Precision matrix
+      rnd <- exp(mvrnorm(1, mu, Omega))
+      out <- rbind(out, merge(tmp2[i,], data.frame(Compound=names(rnd),Result=rnd)))
+    }
+    out$Row <- NULL
+    temp <- aggregate(
+      out["Result"],
+      by=out[setdiff(colnames(out), c("Result","Compound"))],
+      FUN=sum
      )
-     names(jsp) <- dimnames(conc.param$mu)[[1]]
+     temp$Compound <- "TEQ"
-    jsp <- melt(jsp, value.name = "Result")
+     out <- Ovariable(
-    colnames(jsp)[colnames(jsp)=="L1"] <- "Fish" # Convert automatic name to meaningful
+      output = rbind(out, temp),
-     jsp <- Ovariable(output=jsp, marginal = colnames(jsp) != "Result")
+      marginal = colnames(out) != "Result"
-     return(jsp)
+    )
+     return(out)
    }
 )
-objects.store(concentration)
+objects.store(conc_pcddf, lengt)
-cat("Ovariable concentration stored.\n")
+cat("Ovariables conc_pcddf, lengt stored.\n")
 </rcode>
+{{attack|# |These codes should be coherent with [[POPs in Baltic herring]].|--[[User:Jouni|Jouni]] ([[User talk:Jouni|talk]]) 12:14, 7 June 2017 (UTC)}}
 ==See also==